BACKGROUND: Many experimental studies have confirmed collateral sprouting of axons after end-to-side neurorrhaphy and its possible clinical application. There is still controversy about how the surgical method should be carried out. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate collateral sprouting of motor and sensory axons after end-to-side neurorrhaphy with and without the perineurial window. METHODS: End-to-side neurorrhaphy of the distal stump of transected musculocutaneous nerve with intact ulnar nerve with or without a perineurial window was performed in a rat model. Collateral sprouts were quantitatively evaluated by counting of motor and sensory neurons following their retrograde labeling by Fluoro-Ruby and Fluoro-Emerald applied to the ulnar and musculocutaneous nerves, respectively. RESULTS: Our results show that significantly more motor and sensory axons sent their collateral branches into the recipient nerve in the group with a perineurial window. Some axons were injured during preparation of the perineurial window; the injured axons reinnervated directly into the recipient nerve to contribute to results of functional reinnervation. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that it is necessary to create a perineurial window when using end-to-side neurorrhaphy in clinical practice, especially in brachial plexus reconstruction.

• MeSH
• anastomóza chirurgická MeSH
• axony MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• motorické neurony cytologie   MeSH
• nervové receptory cytologie   MeSH
• nervus musculocutaneus cytologie   růst a vývoj   chirurgie   MeSH
• nervus ulnaris cytologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• péče o zevnějšek u zvířat fyziologie   MeSH
• periferní nervy cytologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• spinální ganglia cytologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Extracts of Helleborus roots were traditionally used in the Balkan area for their analgesic action. We report that the pure natural product MCS-18 isolated from this source is a potent, specific and reversible antagonist of the capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, expressed in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. TRPV1 is a non-selective cation channel expressed in a subset of cutaneous and visceral sensory nerve endings and activated by noxious heat, acidity and fatty acid metabolites of arachidonic acid, with a decisive role in inflammatory heat hyperalgesia. MCS-18 inhibited the increase in intracellular calcium concentration evoked in DRG neurons by capsaicin (300 nM) and low pH (5.5) but not by heat (43 degrees C). The substance had no effect on the responses mediated by acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) or the irritant receptor TRPA1. Whole-cell patch-clamp was used to confirm the inhibition of capsaicin-induced currents by MCS-18 which was dose-dependent. The mechanism of inhibition does not require an intact cell, as capsaicin-induced currents were also inhibited in the excised outside-out configuration. The antagonism of the capsaicin and proton action on native TRPV1 by MCS-18 may be of interest for pain therapy.

• MeSH
• akrolein analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• biologické přípravky farmakologie   MeSH
• bolest farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Helleborus * MeSH
• kapsaicin metabolismus   MeSH
• kationtové kanály TRPV antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• kyseliny farmakologie   MeSH
• membránové potenciály účinky léků   MeSH
• metoda terčíkového zámku MeSH
• nervové receptory cytologie   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• spinální ganglia cytologie   MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• akrolein MeSH
• biologické přípravky MeSH
• cinnamaldehyde MeSH Prohlížeč
• kapsaicin MeSH
• kationtové kanály TRPV MeSH
• kyseliny MeSH
• MCS-18 MeSH Prohlížeč
• Trpv1 protein, rat MeSH Prohlížeč
• vápník MeSH

Previous results have suggested that orexins causes a rise of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, implicating a role in nociception, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether the orexins-mediated signaling involves the PKC pathways in these sensory neurons. Cultured DRG neurons were loaded with 1 micromol Fura-2 AM and [Ca(2+)](i) responses were quantified by the changes in 340/380 ratio using fluorescence imaging system. The orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867-A (1 microM) inhibited the calcium responses to orexin-A and orexin-B (59.1+/-5.1 % vs. 200 nM orexin-A, n=8, and 67+/-3.8 % vs. 200 nM orexin-B, n=12, respectively). The PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (10 and 100 microM) significantly decreased the orexin-A (200 nM)-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase (59.4+/-4.8 % P<0.01, n=10 and 4.9+/-1.6 %, P<0.01, n=9) versus response to orexin-A). It was also found that chelerythrine dose-dependently inhibited the [Ca(2+)](i) response to 200 nM orexin-B. In conclusion, our results suggest that orexins activate intracellular calcium signaling in cultured rat sensory neurons through PKC-dependent pathway, which may have important implications for nociceptive modulation and pain.

• MeSH
• benzoxazoly farmakologie   MeSH
• bolest metabolismus   MeSH
• intracelulární signální peptidy a proteiny metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• močovina analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• naftyridiny MeSH
• nervové receptory cytologie   účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• neuropeptidy metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• neurotransmiterové látky farmakologie   MeSH
• nociceptory účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• orexiny MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• proteinkinasa C metabolismus   MeSH
• spinální ganglia cytologie   MeSH
• vápníková signalizace účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea MeSH Prohlížeč
• benzoxazoly MeSH
• intracelulární signální peptidy a proteiny MeSH
• močovina MeSH
• naftyridiny MeSH
• neuropeptidy MeSH
• neurotransmiterové látky MeSH
• orexiny MeSH
• proteinkinasa C MeSH

An alteration in the structural arrangement of blood vessels identified by RECA immunohistochemistry was studied in a rat L4 dorsal root ganglia (L4-DRG) neuropathic pain model. We compared a three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of the vascular architecture surrounding bodies of the primary sensory neurons in the L4-DRG of naïve rats with that of rats that had surgically undergone unilateral sciatic nerve ligature. Rhodamine-conjugated dextran (Fluoro-Ruby) was used for retrograde labelling of neurons, the axons of which had been injured by nerve ligature. In contrast to DRG from naïve rats and contralateral DRG from operated rats, an increased proportion of RECA+ vascular area and the appearance of nest-like arrangements of blood vessels around neuronal bodies with injured axons were observed in L4-DRG ipsilateral to the sciatic nerve ligature. Fractal analysis confirmed a higher degree of vascular branching, irregularity, and tortuosity in L4-DRG related with sciatic nerve injury. The results suggest that nerve injury induces changes in vascular architecture in associated DRG.

• MeSH
• cévy inervace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• funkční lateralita MeSH
• hyperalgezie patofyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• nemoci periferního nervového systému patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervové receptory cytologie   patologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• nervus ischiadicus patofyziologie   MeSH
• neurony fyziologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• spinální ganglia anatomie a histologie   krevní zásobení   MeSH
• Wallerova degenerace patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• aorta cytologie   inervace   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• kur domácí MeSH
• nervové receptory cytologie   MeSH
• obojživelníci MeSH
• plazi MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• klitoris inervace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Macaca anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• nervová zakončení cytologie   MeSH
• nervové receptory cytologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• kočky cytologie   MeSH
• mechanoreceptory cytologie   MeSH
• nervové receptory cytologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky cytologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• esterasy analýza   MeSH
• fosfatasy analýza   MeSH
• histocytochemie MeSH
• karotická tělíska cytologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nervové receptory cytologie   MeSH
• sukcinátdehydrogenasa analýza   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• esterasy MeSH
• fosfatasy MeSH
• sukcinátdehydrogenasa MeSH