Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is a compound widely used as a plasticizer, which can leach from plastics into the environment and thus influence human health. The aim of this study was to analyze whether exposure to an environmentally relevant dose of DEHP during mice fetal development or puberty can cause long-lasting changes detectable month/s after the last exposure. We used a DEHP concentration relevant to a daily human intake of 2.4-3 μg/kg of body weight/day. CD1 outbred mice were treated either in utero or postnatally during puberty and analyzed in adulthood. Analyzing fertility parameters using morphometric, histologic, genomic and proteomic methods we showed that DEHP exposure leads to decreased sperm concentration and quality, in both experimental groups. Moreover, the changes in anogenital distance, seminal vesicle weight, and testicular gene expression suggest a disturbance of androgen signaling in exposed animals. In conclusion, we hereby present, that the prenatal and pubertal exposure to a low dose of DEHP negatively influenced reproductive endpoints in male mice, and some of the effects were persistent until adulthood.
- Klíčová slova
- DEHP, Fertility, Gene expression, Spermatogenesis, Steroidogenesis,
- MeSH
- anální kanál anatomie a histologie účinky léků MeSH
- diethylhexylftalát toxicita MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory toxicita MeSH
- maternofetální výměna látek MeSH
- mužské pohlavní orgány anatomie a histologie účinky léků MeSH
- myši inbrední ICR MeSH
- pohlavní dospělost účinky léků MeSH
- spermie účinky léků MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- testis anatomie a histologie účinky léků MeSH
- vývojová regulace genové exprese účinky léků MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice chemicky indukované genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- zvláčňovadla toxicita MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- diethylhexylftalát MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory MeSH
- zvláčňovadla MeSH
The normal histology of anogenital mammary-like glands (AGMLG) has been studied previously, but some aspects, including glandular depth, presence of columnar epithelium resembling columnar cell change/hyperplasia as defined in mammary pathology, and distribution of elastic fibers, have not been previously investigated. To address these issues, we studied 148 AGMLG identified in 133 paraffin blocks sampled from 64 vulvar wide excision or vulvectomy specimens (64 patients, various indications for surgery). The depth of AGMLG ranged from 0.64 to 3.9 mm. Epithelial columnar cell change was noted in 33.1% of all AGMLG, whereas columnar cell hyperplasia was detected in 10.1%. Occasionally, combinations of cuboidal epithelium and columnar cell change were seen within 1 histological section. Of 22 specimens stained for elastic fibers, in only 6 (27.3%) cases were elastic fibers found around glands. Periductal elastic fibers were demonstrated around 3 of the only 5 ducts, which were available for analysis in slides stained for elastic fibers. The depth of AGMLG should be taken into account when planning topical and surgical therapies for lesions derived or evolving from AGMLG. Alterations identical to columnar cell change may represent a normal variation of AGMLG.
Prenatal androgens are generally assumed to permanently affect the morphology of external genitalia. In laboratory rodents, the ano-genital distance index (AGDI) has become widely used as a marker of natural prenatal masculinization. A greater value should indicate a greater masculinization. The aim of this study was to assess the developmental stability of the AGDI in female mice during pre- (Days 1-21) and postweaning (Days 21-61) periods. Presuming that the AGDI reflects a permanent effect of prenatal masculinization, we hypothesized that the AGDI will be a developmentally stable morphometric measurement (interindividual differences in the AGDI measurement should persist over time). In contrast to our prediction, the AGDI showed poor repeatability both during pre- (.15) and postweaning (.22) periods, indicating developmental instability. (A value of 1 indicates perfect repeatability and a value of 0 indicates no repeatability.) The AGDI thus does not seem to be a reliable marker of prenatal female masculinization.
- MeSH
- anální kanál anatomie a histologie embryologie MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- myši MeSH
- perineum anatomie a histologie embryologie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
- ženské pohlavní orgány anatomie a histologie embryologie MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
M. sphincter ani externus (MSAE) in the rat appears as a circular ring 1-1.25 mm in height and 250-350 microns thick, completed by a plate composed of longitudinal musculature in its posterior third. The main structures serving for the structural arrangement of MSAE are columns composed of longitudinal smooth musculature of the gut lining the posterior third of the anal circumference. Ventrally to the columns there are several structures in the MSAE showing fluent mutal transitions, namely the horshoe-like pars profunda, the ring-shaped pars superficialis and the pars subcutanea. The ends of the fibres of the horshoe shaped pars profunda join with the columns and pass along longitudinally to gradually replace the smooth musculature. The extension of the longitudinal muscle fibres of the columns upon the dorsal circumference leads to the development of the dorsal plate of MSAE. Some of the fibres of MSAE cross each other ventrally in the pars profunda and pars subcutanea, as well as dorsally in the pars subcutanea and in the area of longitudinally oriented fibres. Some fibres of MSAE are also fixed to the surrounding structures.
- MeSH
- anální kanál anatomie a histologie fyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- elektrická stimulace přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- peroperační doba MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- anální kanál anatomie a histologie embryologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- svaly anatomie a histologie cytologie embryologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
