Trichophyton bullosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte from the Arthroderma benhamiae complex with a poorly known distribution. In this study, we report a case of dermatophytosis caused by T. bullosum in a 6-year-old male horse who had a skin lesion located in a saddle area. The infection spread rapidly to the upper chest and to both sides of the trunk. The dermatophyte was isolated in culture and identified by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS rDNA). To date, this is the first verified case of animal infection due to T. bullosum in Europe following the 2012 report of human infection in France. We hypothesize that this species can be relatively common in horses and donkeys, but it is confused with other zoophilic species responsible for infections with similar clinical manifestations, and when isolated in culture, it is misidentified as the phenotypically similar T. verrucosum. Previous cases of dermatophytosis caused by T. verrucosum-like dermatophytes in horses and donkeys were reviewed together with human infections transmitted from these animals. This summary estimates possible distribution width of T. bullosum. The taxonomy of T. verrucosum-like dermatophytes is extremely difficult due to lack of original material and poor morphology of species. Molecular genetic methods are necessary to verify the identification of these fungi. ITS1 or ITS2 region of rDNA alone is sufficient for correct identification.
- Klíčová slova
- Arthroderma benhamiae complex, Enilconazole, Flutrimazole, Horse diseases, Superficial mycoses, Zoonotic infections,
- MeSH
- DNA fungální chemie genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- koně MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- mykologické určovací techniky MeSH
- nemoci koní diagnóza mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- tinea diagnóza mikrobiologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- Trichophyton klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA fungální MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
The objective of the work was to induce experimental infection with the anthropophil dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum in animals and to confirm it by clinical, mycological and histopathological examination. For preparation of the inoculum the authors used a T. rubrum culture isolated from patients suffering from dermatomycosis. The inoculum was cultivated under conditions of intensive aeration (shaking). Its density was 2.0 x 10(6)/ml of germinative spores and hyphal fragments. On the animal's back shoved and irritated by scarification (area 4 cm2) 2 ml inoculum were rubbed in. Experimental mycotic infection was induced in one of four guinea pigs and one of two domestic rabbits. The first clinical manifestations of mycotic infection were found on the 6th and 9th day after inoculation. From the focus T. rubrum was cultivated. From the unaffected hair in the close vicinity and at more remote sites numerous contaminants were isolated, other fungi as well as dermatophytes. In the histopathological material the authors found in the shed layers of the stratum corneum PAS positive septate fibres. Numerous PAS positive septate fibres were found also in the hair follicles. In the corium a mixed inflammatory infiltration was present with a predominance of histiocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. No morphological changes were found after passaging the dermatophyte T. rubrum via animals. Guinea pigs and the domestic rabbit are useful animals for inducing experimental infection with the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum.
Tests were performed on 130 one-month-old calves. In 16 animals, treatment with a suspension of Trichophyton verrucosum culture at the dosage of 5 mil. conidia for an area of 10 x 10 of the clipped skin caused clinical trichophytic changes. The length of the incubation time was shorter in the calves scarified before inoculation of the infecting culture (10 to 13 days), as compared with the group of calves without scarification of the skin (11 to 19 days). Only 3 in 6 calves, infected by the same dose into non clipped skin, did contract trichophytosis, manifesting themselves as separate mycotic deposits, which appeared 26 to 35 days after inoculation. Trichophytic changes lasted longest in the group with scarification of the infected area. The ID50 in T. verrucosum and T. equinum cultures was about 1500 conidia per one calf in the case of the method of infecting into clipped scarified skin (area 100 sq cm). A 10 times lower dose (150 conidia per one calf) of the T. verrucosum suspension did not induce visible mycotic changes, but the T. equinum inoculation produced infection in one of 10 calves.
- MeSH
- nemoci skotu * patologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- tinea patologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The protective action of live avirulent vaccine against bovine trichophytosis, produced by the Bioveta National Corporation at Ivanovice na Hané, was very good and fully comparable with the earlier vaccine produced from the virulent live culture of Trichophyton verrucosum. Experimental challenge with a massive dose of a virulent strain of T. verrucosum produced only minor surface dermal changes in the calves vaccinated with these vaccines, but these changes spontaneously disappeared in a short time. In the control non-vaccinated calves, large and deep lesions were induced by the challenge, spreading to the neighbouring tissues. Compared with both live biopreparations, the protective effect of inactivated vaccine prepared by the irradiation of virulent vaccine with Co60 was much lower.
- MeSH
- atenuované vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- fungální vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- nemoci skotu patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- skot imunologie MeSH
- tinea patologie prevence a kontrola veterinární MeSH
- Trichophyton imunologie MeSH
- vakcinace veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- atenuované vakcíny MeSH
- fungální vakcíny MeSH
- MeSH
- antifungální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- tinea farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- Trichophyton izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antifungální látky MeSH
