The mutual dependence of human and animal health is central to the One Health initiative as an integrated strategy for infectious disease control and management. A crucial element of the One Health includes preparation and response to influenza A virus (IAV) threats at the human-animal interface. The IAVs are characterized by extensive genetic variability, they circulate among different hosts and can establish host-specific lineages. The four main hosts are: avian, swine, human and equine, with occasional transmission to other mammalian species. The host diversity is mirrored in the range of the RT-qPCR assays for IAV detection. Different assays are recommended by the responsible health authorities for generic IAV detection in birds, swine or humans. In order to unify IAV monitoring in different hosts and apply the One Health approach, we developed a single RT-qPCR assay for universal detection of all IAVs of all subtypes, species origin and global distribution. The assay design was centred on a highly conserved region of the IAV matrix protein (MP)-segment identified by a comprehensive analysis of 99,353 sequences. The reaction parameters were effectively optimised with efficiency of 93-97% and LOD95% of approximately ten IAV templates per reaction. The assay showed high repeatability, reproducibility and robustness. The extensive in silico evaluation demonstrated high inclusivity, i.e. perfect sequence match in the primers and probe binding regions, established as 94.6% for swine, 98.2% for avian and 100% for human H3N2, pandemic H1N1, as well as other IAV strains, resulting in an overall predicted detection rate of 99% on the analysed dataset. The theoretical predictions were confirmed and extensively validated by collaboration between six veterinary or human diagnostic laboratories on a total of 1970 specimens, of which 1455 were clinical and included a diverse panel of IAV strains.

• MeSH
• chřipka lidská diagnóza   virologie   MeSH
• infekce viry z čeledi Orthomyxoviridae diagnóza   virologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci prasat diagnóza   virologie   MeSH
• One Health MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí metody   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• ptačí chřipka u ptáků diagnóza   virologie   MeSH
• ptáci virologie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H1N1 genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H3N2 genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• virus chřipky A genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: The 2018/2019 influenza season in the WHO European Region was dominated by influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and (H3N2) viruses, with very few influenza B viruses detected. METHODS: Countries in the European Region reported virus characterization data to The European Surveillance System for weeks 40/2018 to 20/2019. These virus antigenic and genetic characterization and haemagglutinin (HA) sequence data were analysed to describe and assess circulating viruses relative to the 2018/2019 vaccine virus components for the northern hemisphere. RESULTS: Thirty countries reported 4776 viruses characterized genetically and 3311 viruses antigenically. All genetically characterized A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses fell in subclade 6B.1A, of which 90% carried the amino acid substitution S183P in the HA gene. Antigenic data indicated that circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were similar to the 2018/2019 vaccine virus. Genetic data showed that A(H3N2) viruses mostly fell in clade 3C.2a (75%) and 90% of which were subclade 3C.2a1b. A lower proportion fell in clade 3C.3a (23%) and were antigenically distinct from the vaccine virus. All B/Victoria viruses belonged to clade 1A; 30% carried a double amino acid deletion in HA and were genetically and antigenically similar to the vaccine virus component, while 55% carried a triple amino acid deletion or no deletion in HA; these were antigenically distinct from each other and from the vaccine component. All B/Yamagata viruses belonged to clade 3 and were antigenically similar to the virus component in the quadrivalent vaccine for 2018/2019. CONCLUSIONS: A simultaneous circulation of genetically and antigenically diverse A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses was observed and represented a challenge to vaccine strain selection.

• Klíčová slova
• Antigenic, Europe, Genetic, Influenza, Surveillance, Vaccine,
• MeSH
• Alphainfluenzavirus * MeSH
• chřipka lidská * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• hemaglutininové glykoproteiny viru chřipky genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• vakcíny proti chřipce * MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H1N1 * genetika   MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H3N2 genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hemaglutininové glykoproteiny viru chřipky MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH
• vakcíny proti chřipce * MeSH

BACKGROUND: Since 2011, the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) has used active surveillance to prospectively collect epidemiological and virological data on patients hospitalized with influenza virus infection. Here, we describe influenza virus strain circulation in the GIHSN participant countries during 2017-2018 season and examine factors associated with complicated hospitalization among patients admitted with laboratory-confirmed influenza illness. METHODS: The study enrolled patients who were hospitalized in a GIHSN hospital in the previous 48 h with acute respiratory symptoms and who had symptoms consistent with influenza within the 7 days before admission. Enrolled patients were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to confirm influenza virus infection. "Complicated hospitalization" was defined as a need for mechanical ventilation, admission to an intensive care unit, or in-hospital death. In each of four age strata (< 15, 15-< 50, 50-< 65, and ≥ 65 years), factors associated with complicated hospitalization in influenza-positive patients were identified by mixed effects logistic regression and those associated with length of hospital stay using a linear mixed-effects regression model. RESULTS: The study included 12,803 hospitalized patients at 14 coordinating sites in 13 countries, of which 4306 (34%) tested positive for influenza. Influenza viruses B/Yamagata, A/H3N2, and A/H1N1pdm09 strains dominated and cocirculated, although the dominant strains varied between sites. Complicated hospitalization occurred in 10.6% of influenza-positive patients. Factors associated with complicated hospitalization in influenza-positive patients included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (15-< 50 years and ≥ 65 years), diabetes (15-< 50 years), male sex (50-< 65 years), hospitalization during the last 12 months (50-< 65 years), and current smoking (≥65 years). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (50-< 65 years), other chronic conditions (15-< 50 years), influenza A (50-< 65 years), and hospitalization during the last 12 months (< 15 years) were associated with a longer hospital stay. The proportion of patients with complicated influenza did not differ between influenza A and B. CONCLUSIONS: Complicated hospitalizations occurred in over 10% of patients hospitalized with influenza virus infection. Factors commonly associated with complicated or longer hospitalization differed by age group but commonly included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and hospitalization during the last 12 months.

• Klíčová slova
• Epidemiology, Hospitalization, Influenza, Mortality, Risk factors,
• MeSH
• Betainfluenzavirus genetika   MeSH
• chřipka lidská epidemiologie   mortalita   virologie   MeSH
• délka pobytu MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace * MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mortalita v nemocnicích MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• umělé dýchání MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H1N1 genetika   MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H3N2 genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The 2014/2015 influenza epidemic season was characterized by the predominance of the H3N2 subtype. The presented study investigated the genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of the H3N2 strains collected in the Czech Republic from November 2014 to March 2015. Phylogenetic analysis of the representative H3 hemagglutinin sequences was performed and the glycosylation status and crucial antigenic mutations were compared relative to the 2014 and 2015 vaccine strains (A/Texas/50/2012 and A/Switzerland/9715293/2013) and visualized in the H3 crystal structure. The molecular data were further supplemented by hemagglutination-inhibition test (HIT) results on fifteen H3N2 2014/2015 strains by using the A/Texas/50/2012 (H3N2) and A/Switzerland/9715293/13 (H3N2) antisera. Our data on the Czech H3N2 viruses from the 2014/2015 epidemic season could supplement the reports of official authorities with data from a particular geographi-cal area.

• Klíčová slova
• Influenza - H3N2 - hemagglutinin.,
• MeSH
• antigeny virové * genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• chřipka lidská * epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• epidemie * MeSH
• hemaglutininové glykoproteiny viru chřipky * genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H3N2 * klasifikace   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny virové * MeSH
• hemaglutininové glykoproteiny viru chřipky * MeSH

Influenza A virus is an important cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI). Clinical manifestations of ARI vary from mild or moderate to life-threatening conditions requiring intensive care. Given the segmented genome, a large natural reservoir of other influenza virus subtypes, and antibody selection pressure in the population, the virus is variable and genetically unstable. The phylogenetic analysis and genotyping of A/H3N2 influenza viruses isolated from patients hospitalised with influenza-like illness symptoms in the Na Bulovce Hospital in the season 2011/2012 support the assumption that the pathogenicity is a polygenic trait modifiable by the host health status and seems not to be unambiguously associated with any specific mutations.

• MeSH
• chřipka lidská diagnóza   virologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H3N2 klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH