BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) agonists revolutionized therapeutic algorithms in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management. However, approximately every third IBD patient does not respond to this therapy in the long term, which delays efficient control of the intestinal inflammation. METHODS: We analyzed the power of serum biomarkers to predict the failure of anti-TNF-α. We collected serum of 38 IBD patients at therapy prescription and 38 weeks later and analyzed them with relation to therapy response (no-, partial-, and full response). We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify 16 biomarkers related to gut barrier (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, liver fatty acid-binding protein, trefoil factor 3, and interleukin (IL)-33), microbial translocation, immune system regulation (TNF-α, CD14, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, mannan-binding lectin, IL-18, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), endocrine-gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor), and matrix metalloproteinase system (MMP-9, MMP-14, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1). RESULTS: We found that future full-responders have different biomarker profiles than non-responders, while partial-responders cannot be distinguished from either group. When future non-responders were compared to responders, their baseline contained significantly more TGF-β1, less CD14, and increased level of MMP-9, and concentration of these factors could predict non-responders with high accuracy (AUC = 0.938). Interestingly, during the 38 weeks, levels of MMP-9 decreased in all patients, irrespective of the outcome, while OPG, IGF-2, and TGF-β1 were higher in non-responders compared to full-responders both at the beginning and the end of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The TGF-β1 and CD14 can distinguish non-responders from responders. The changes in biomarker dynamics during the therapy suggest that growth factors (such as OPG, IGF-2, and TGF-β) are not markedly influenced by the treatment and that anti-TNF-α therapy decreases MMP-9 without influencing the treatment outcome.

• MeSH
• inhibitory TNF MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor II * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 9 MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta1 * MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• inhibitory TNF MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor II * MeSH
• matrixová metaloproteinasa 9 MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta1 * MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A MeSH

Inflammatory processes play an important role in the development of nasal polyps (NP), but the etiology and, to a high degree also, the pathogenesis of NP are not fully understood. The role of several cytokines and chemokines such as eotaxins, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and RANTES has been reported in NP. Herewith, we investigated the expression and pattern of distribution of chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR3 in nasal polyps. Immunohistochemical detection was carried out in frozen sections of biopsies from 22 NP and 18 nasal mucosa specimens in both the epithelial and stromal compartments. Fluorescence microscopy and computerized image analysis revealed a statistically significant increased number of CCR1 (45.2 ± 2.8 vs. 15.1 ± 1.9, p < 0.001)-positive as well as CCR3 (16.4 ± 1.4 vs. 9.7 ± 1.1, p < 0.001)-positive cells in the stroma of NP compared to nasal mucosa. In comparison to healthy nasal mucosa, increased positivity of CCR3 was detected in the epithelial compartment of NP. Our data suggest that increased expression of CCR1 and CCR3 chemokine receptors may, in accord with various chemokines, contribute to the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis by facilitating increased migration and prolonged accumulation of inflammatory cells, e.g., eosinophils, in the inflammatory infiltrate of NP.

• MeSH
• eozinofily cytologie   MeSH
• granulocyty cytologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nosní polypy genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nosní sliznice metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• receptory CCR1 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory CCR3 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• CCR1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• CCR3 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• receptory CCR1 MeSH
• receptory CCR3 MeSH

Nasal polyps (NP), edematous projections of nasal mucosa (NM), are characterized by an inflammatory cellular infiltrate, however, little is known about etiopathogenesis of NP. Both innate immune mechanisms leading to activation of NF-kappaB and homeostasis of epithelial cells were implicated in the pathogenesis of NP. In this study we investigated the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in NP compared to healthy NM in both the epithelial and stromal compartments. Using immunohistochemistry, frozen tissue sections of NP from 18 patients, and mucosal biopsy specimens of the inferior turbinate from 17 subjects were stained for IGF-1R and iNOS markers. Fluorescence microscopy and computerized image analysis revealed low numbers of IGF-1R-positive cells in all specimens. However, substantially increased numbers of IGF-1R-positive cells were found in NP compared to NM both within the epithelium (1.63 vs. 0.43) and stroma (3.27 vs. 1.03). Positivity for iNOS was detected within the epithelium of NP compared with NM. Numbers of iNOS-positive single cells were highly increased in NP vs. NM in both epithelial (3.83 vs. 1.08) and stromal (4.96 vs. 2.67) compartments. An increased iNOS expression within the epithelial layer as well as increased number of iNOS- and IGF-1R-positive cells in NP was observed. This suggests that innate immune mechanism, and to a lesser extent also growth and homeostasis of epithelial cells, may play a role in formation of NP.

• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• buňky stromatu imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• epitelové buňky imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• fluorescenční mikroskopie MeSH
• homeostáza MeSH
• jednoduchá slepá metoda MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• NF-kappa B metabolismus   MeSH
• nosní polypy chemie   etiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• nosní sliznice chemie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita MeSH
• receptor IGF typ 1 analýza   MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ II analýza   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• NF-kappa B MeSH
• NOS2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• receptor IGF typ 1 MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ II MeSH