Nejvíce citovaný článek - PubMed ID 12684396
One type of anticancer vaccine relies on the administration of DNA constructs encoding one or multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). The ultimate objective of these preparations, which can be naked or vectored by non-pathogenic viruses, bacteria or yeast cells, is to drive the synthesis of TAAs in the context of an immunostimulatory milieu, resulting in the (re-)elicitation of a tumor-targeting immune response. In spite of encouraging preclinical results, the clinical efficacy of DNA-based vaccines employed as standalone immunotherapeutic interventions in cancer patients appears to be limited. Thus, efforts are currently being devoted to the development of combinatorial regimens that allow DNA-based anticancer vaccines to elicit clinically relevant immune responses. Here, we discuss recent advances in the preclinical and clinical development of this therapeutic paradigm.
- Klíčová slova
- AFP, α-fetoprotein, APC, antigen-presenting cell, CDR, complementarity-determining region, CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen, CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CTLA4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4, DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern, DC, dendritic cell, FDA, Food and Drug Administration, GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GX-188E, HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma, HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HPV, human papillomavirus, IL, interleukin, OS, overall survival, OVA, ovalbumin, PAP, prostate acid phosphatase, SCGB2A2, secretoglobin, family 2A, member 2, SOX2, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2, T, brachyury homolog, TAA, tumor-associated antigen, TLR, Toll-like receptor, TRA, tumor rejection antigen, Treg, regulatory T cell, VGX-3100, WT1, Wilms tumor 1, adjuvants, dendritic cell, electroporation, mucosal immunity,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
During the past decades, anticancer immunotherapy has evolved from a promising therapeutic option to a robust clinical reality. Many immunotherapeutic regimens are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for use in cancer patients, and many others are being investigated as standalone therapeutic interventions or combined with conventional treatments in clinical studies. Immunotherapies may be subdivided into "passive" and "active" based on their ability to engage the host immune system against cancer. Since the anticancer activity of most passive immunotherapeutics (including tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies) also relies on the host immune system, this classification does not properly reflect the complexity of the drug-host-tumor interaction. Alternatively, anticancer immunotherapeutics can be classified according to their antigen specificity. While some immunotherapies specifically target one (or a few) defined tumor-associated antigen(s), others operate in a relatively non-specific manner and boost natural or therapy-elicited anticancer immune responses of unknown and often broad specificity. Here, we propose a critical, integrated classification of anticancer immunotherapies and discuss the clinical relevance of these approaches.
