The RNA polymerase II complex (pol II) is responsible for transcription of all ∼21,000 human protein-encoding genes. Here, we describe sixteen individuals harboring de novo heterozygous variants in POLR2A, encoding RPB1, the largest subunit of pol II. An iterative approach combining structural evaluation and mass spectrometry analyses, the use of S. cerevisiae as a model system, and the assessment of cell viability in HeLa cells allowed us to classify eleven variants as probably disease-causing and four variants as possibly disease-causing. The significance of one variant remains unresolved. By quantification of phenotypic severity, we could distinguish mild and severe phenotypic consequences of the disease-causing variants. Missense variants expected to exert only mild structural effects led to a malfunctioning pol II enzyme, thereby inducing a dominant-negative effect on gene transcription. Intriguingly, individuals carrying these variants presented with a severe phenotype dominated by profound infantile-onset hypotonia and developmental delay. Conversely, individuals carrying variants expected to result in complete loss of function, thus reduced levels of functional pol II from the normal allele, exhibited the mildest phenotypes. We conclude that subtle variants that are central in functionally important domains of POLR2A cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by profound infantile-onset hypotonia and developmental delay through a dominant-negative effect on pol-II-mediated transcription of DNA.

• Klíčová slova
• POLR2A, RNA polymerase II complex, RPB1, de novo variants, desert Z score, desert regions, dominant-negative effect, haplo-insufficiency, infantile-onset hypotonia, neurodevelopmental syndrome,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DNA řízené RNA-polymerasy genetika   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• HeLa buňky MeSH
• heterozygot MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• neurovývojové poruchy enzymologie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• svalová hypotonie enzymologie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA řízené RNA-polymerasy MeSH
• POLR2A RNA polymerase, human MeSH Prohlížeč