AIM: To evaluate risk factors for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) recurrence (rPSC) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in patients with well-preserved colons. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of all patients transplanted for PSC in our center between July 1994 and May 2015 and selected 47 with follow-up of at least 60 mo for further analysis based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. rPSC was confirmed by magnetic resonance or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and liver biopsy. All patients were evaluated by protocolary pre-OLT colonoscopy with randomized mucosal biopsies. Colonoscopy was repeated annually after OLT. Both organ donors and recipients were human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typed by serological and/or DNA methods. All input data were thoroughly analyzed employing relevant statistical methods. RESULTS: Altogether, 31 men and 16 women with a median (range) age of 36 (15-68) years at the time of OLT and a median follow-up of 122 (60-249) mo were included. rPSC was confirmed in 21/47 (44.7%) of patients, a median 63 (12-180) mo after transplantation. De novo colitis [rPSC in 11/12, P ≤ 0.05, hazard ratio (HR): 4.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58-10.98] and history of acute cellular rejection (rPSC in 14/25, P ≤ 0.05; HR: 2.66, 95%CI: 1.03-7.86) showed strong positive associations with rPSC. According to the univariate analysis, overlapping features of autoimmune hepatitis (rPSC in 5/5, P ≤ 0.05) and HLA-DRB1*07 in the donor (rPSC in 10/15, P ≤ 0.05) represent other potential risk factors for rPSC, while the HLA-DRB1*04 (rPSC in 0/6, P ≤ 0.05), HLA-DQB1*03 (rPSC in 1/11, P ≤ 0.05), and HLA-DQB1*07 (rPSC in 0/7, P ≤ 0.05) recipient alleles may have protective roles. CONCLUSION: De novo colitis and acute cellular rejection are clinical conditions significantly predisposed towards recurrence of PSC after liver transplantation.

• Klíčová slova
• Acute cellular rejection, Autoimmune hepatitis, Human leukocyte antigen, Immunosuppression, Inflammatory bowel disease, Liver transplantation, Primary sclerosing cholangitis,
• MeSH
• cholangiopankreatografie endoskopická retrográdní MeSH
• dárci tkání statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty diagnostické zobrazování   epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• játra diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• kolon diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• kolonoskopie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sklerozující cholangitida diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• střevní sliznice diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• transplantace jater * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: To characterize the gut bacterial microbiota of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: Stool samples were collected and relevant clinical data obtained from 106 study participants, 43 PSC patients with (n = 32) or without (n = 11) concomitant inflammatory bowel disease, 32 UC patients, and 31 healthy controls. The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene were sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform to cover low taxonomic levels. Data were further processed in QIIME employing MaAsLin and LEfSe tools for analysis of the output data. RESULTS: Microbial profiles in both PSC and UC were characterized by low bacterial diversity and significant change in global microbial composition. Rothia, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and three other genera were markedly overrepresented in PSC regardless of concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Rothia, Veillonella and Streptococcus were tracked to the species level to identify Rothia mucilaginosa, Streptococcus infantus, S. alactolyticus, and S. equi along with Veillonella parvula and V. dispar. PSC was further characterized by decreased abundance of Adlercreutzia equolifaciens and Prevotella copri. Decrease in genus Phascolarctobacterium was linked to presence of colonic inflammation regardless of IBD phenotype. Akkermansia muciniphila, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum and Clostridium colinum were decreased in UC along with genus Roseburia. Low levels of serum albumin were significantly correlated with enrichment of order Actinomycetales. CONCLUSION: PSC is associated with specific gut microbes independently of concomitant IBD and several bacterial taxa clearly distinguish IBD phenotypes (PSC-IBD and UC).

• Klíčová slova
• Dysbiosis, Gut microbiota, Inflammatory bowel disease, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Ulcerative colitis,
• MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dysbióza etiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kolon mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza RNA MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sklerozující cholangitida komplikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• střevní sliznice mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ulcerózní kolitida komplikace   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH