BACKGROUND: Nitrilases attract increasing attention due to their utility in the mild hydrolysis of nitriles. According to activity and gene screening, filamentous fungi are a rich source of nitrilases distinct in evolution from their widely examined bacterial counterparts. However, fungal nitrilases have been less explored than the bacterial ones. Nitrilases are typically heterogeneous in their quaternary structures, forming short spirals and extended filaments, these features making their structural studies difficult. RESULTS: A nitrilase gene was amplified by PCR from the cDNA library of Aspergillus niger K10. The PCR product was ligated into expression vectors pET-30(+) and pRSET B to construct plasmids pOK101 and pOK102, respectively. The recombinant nitrilase (Nit-ANigRec) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-Gold(DE3)(pOK101/pTf16) was purified with an about 2-fold increase in specific activity and 35% yield. The apparent subunit size was 42.7 kDa, which is approx. 4 kDa higher than that of the enzyme isolated from the native organism (Nit-ANigWT), indicating post-translational cleavage in the enzyme's native environment. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that a C-terminal peptide (Val327 - Asn₃₅₆) was present in Nit-ANigRec but missing in Nit-ANigWT and Asp₂₉₈-Val₃₁₃ peptide was shortened to Asp₂₉₈-Arg₃₁₀ in Nit-ANigWT. The latter enzyme was thus truncated by 46 amino acids. Enzymes Nit-ANigRec and Nit-ANigWT differed in substrate specificity, acid/amide ratio, reaction optima and stability. Refolded recombinant enzyme stored for one month at 4°C was fractionated by gel filtration, and fractions were examined by electron microscopy. The late fractions were further analyzed by analytical centrifugation and dynamic light scattering, and shown to consist of a rather homogeneous protein species composed of 12-16 subunits. This hypothesis was consistent with electron microscopy and our modelling of the multimeric nitrilase, which supports an arrangement of dimers into helical segments as a plausible structural solution. CONCLUSIONS: The nitrilase from Aspergillus niger K10 is highly homologous (≥86%) with proteins deduced from gene sequencing in Aspergillus and Penicillium genera. As the first of these proteins, it was shown to exhibit nitrilase activity towards organic nitriles. The comparison of the Nit-ANigRec and Nit-ANigWT suggested that the catalytic properties of nitrilases may be changed due to missing posttranslational cleavage of the former enzyme. Nit-ANigRec exhibits a lower tendency to form filaments and, moreover, the sample homogeneity can be further improved by in vitro protein refolding. The homogeneous protein species consisting of short spirals is expected to be more suitable for structural studies.

• MeSH
• aminohydrolasy biosyntéza   genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Aspergillus niger enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• klonování DNA metody   MeSH
• komplementární DNA MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• radiační rozptyl MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• sbalování proteinů MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sekvenční seřazení MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
• stabilita enzymů MeSH
• světlo MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• odvolaná publikace MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminohydrolasy MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• komplementární DNA MeSH
• nitrilase MeSH Prohlížeč
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH

2-Cyanopyridine proved to act as a powerful nitrilase inducer in Aspergillus niger K10, Fusarium solani O1, Fusarium oxysporum CCF 1414, Fusarium oxysporum CCF 483 and Penicillium multicolor CCF 2244. Valeronitrile also enhanced the nitrilase activity in most of the strains. The highest nitrilase activities were produced by fungi cultivated in a Czapek-Dox medium with both 2-cyanopyridine and valeronitrile. The specific nitrilase activities of these cultures were two to three orders of magnitude higher than those of cultures grown on other nitriles such as 3-cyanopyridine or 4-cyanopyridine.

• MeSH
• aminohydrolasy biosyntéza   MeSH
• Aspergillus niger enzymologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• biotechnologie metody   MeSH
• enzymová indukce MeSH
• Fusarium enzymologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• mitosporické houby enzymologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• nitrily farmakologie   MeSH
• Penicillium enzymologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminohydrolasy MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• nitrilase MeSH Prohlížeč
• nitrily MeSH