Innate immune surveillance in the blood is executed mostly by circulating monocytes, which recognise conserved bacterial molecules such as peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a central role in microbe-associated molecular pattern detection. Here, we compared the differences in TLR expression and cytokine production after stimulation of peripheral blood cells with heat-killed Gram-negative and Gram-positive human pathogens Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. We found that TLR2 expression is up-regulated on monocytes after stimulation with S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, E. coli and N. meningitidis. Moreover, TLR2 up-regulation was positively associated with increasing concentrations of Gram-positive bacteria, whereas higher concentrations of Gram-negative bacteria, especially E. coli, caused a milder TLR2 expression increase compared with low doses. Cytokines were produced in similar dose-dependent profiles regardless of the stimulatory pathogen; however, Gram-negative pathogens induced higher cytokine levels than Gram-positive ones at same concentrations. These results indicate that Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria differ in their dose-dependent patterns of induction of TLR2 and TLR4, but not in cytokine expression.

• MeSH
• aktivace transkripce MeSH
• cytokiny biosyntéza   MeSH
• gramnegativní bakterie genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monocyty imunologie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• signální transdukce imunologie   MeSH
• toll-like receptor 2 biosyntéza   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• toll-like receptor 4 biosyntéza   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• toll-like receptor 2 MeSH
• toll-like receptor 4 MeSH

Innate immune surveillance in the blood is executed mostly by circulating monocytes, which recognize conserved bacterial molecules such as peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a central role in microbe-associated molecular pattern detection. The aim of this study was to compare the differences in TLR expression and cytokine production after stimulation of peripheral blood cells with heat-killed gram-negative and gram-positive human pathogens: Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. We found that TLR2 expression is up-regulated on monocytes after stimulation with S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, E. coli, and N. meningitidis. Moreover, TLR2 up-regulation was positively associated with increasing concentrations of gram-positive bacteria, whereas higher concentrations of gram-negative bacteria, especially E. coli, caused a milder TLR2 expression increase when compared to low doses. Cytokines were produced in similar dose-dependent profiles regardless of the stimulatory pathogen; however, gram-negative pathogens induced higher cytokine levels when compared to gram-positive bacteria at the same density. These results indicate that gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria differ in their dose-dependent patterns of induction of TLR2 and TLR4, but not cytokine expression.

• MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• gramnegativní bakterie imunologie   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie imunologie   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• leukocyty mononukleární imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• toll-like receptor 2 biosyntéza   MeSH
• toll-like receptor 4 biosyntéza   MeSH
• vysoká teplota * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• TLR2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• TLR4 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• toll-like receptor 2 MeSH
• toll-like receptor 4 MeSH

The aim of the present study was to determine the profile of different inflammatory molecules in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Their relationship with IMD severity was also assessed. A cohort of 12 patients with IMD was investigated. Paired serum and CSF samples were obtained at the time of diagnostic and follow-up lumbar puncture and were examined using Luminex analysis. IMD severity correlated with serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) on admission. Furthermore, the CSF levels of IL-1 beta, IL-1 ra, IL-6, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1 beta), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were significantly higher than their respective serum levels. The strongest correlations were found between serum concentrations of IL-1 beta and IL-1 ra, IL-6, IL-8, and MIP-1 beta, whereas the strongest correlations in CSF were found between endotoxin and IL-8, IL-17, MIP-1 beta, and MCP-1. As was expected, the concentrations of inflammatory molecules in both serum and CSF significantly decreased after antibiotic treatment. With regard to kinetics, a severe course of IMD correlated positively with rapid declines of CSF IL-6 and cortisol levels. Sequential multiple analyses revealed patterns of inflammatory responses that were associated with the severity of IMD, as well as with the compartmentalization and kinetics of the immune reaction.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mediátory zánětu analýza   MeSH
• meningokokové infekce farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozkomíšní mok chemie   MeSH
• sérum chemie   MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• mediátory zánětu MeSH