An antibiotic- and siderophore-producing Pseudomonas strain isolated from virgin soils (with forest trees) displayed in vitro antibiosis against many plant pathogenic fungi. The presence of iron had no effect on this in vitro antibiosis. Seed bacterization improved germination, shoot height, root length, fresh and dry mass, enhanced yield and chlorophyll content of leaves in the five test crop plants under field conditions. Seed bacterization also reduced the number of infected brinjal plants grown in soil infested with Rhizoctonia solani. The strain produced a yellowish green siderophore in the standard succinate medium and both siderophore and a yellow viscous antibiotic compound in King's B medium. The results confirmed that the plant growth promotion was due to siderophore production whereas the disease suppression was due to the antibiotic substance.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents biosynthesis   MeSH
• Antibiosis * MeSH
• Pest Control, Biological MeSH
• Brassica microbiology   MeSH
• Fluorescence MeSH
• Plant Roots microbiology   MeSH
• Plant Diseases * microbiology   MeSH
• Pseudomonas physiology   MeSH
• Soil Microbiology MeSH
• Rhizoctonia drug effects   MeSH
• Siderophores biosynthesis   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
• Siderophores MeSH

The production of beta-1,3-glucanases and chitinases by three strains of Trichoderma in submerged cultures was determined. The synthesis of enzymes was induced by cell wall biopolymers of phytopathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum and F. oxysporum). T. hamatum produced the highest beta-1,3-glucanase activity; the most effective inducer of enzyme synthesis was the biomass of F. oxysporum. All examined strains of Trichoderma inhibited phytopathogen growth in biotic tests. The diffusion tests showed that the lytic enzymes take part in growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi.

• MeSH
• beta-Glucosidase pharmacology   physiology   MeSH
• Botrytis drug effects   MeSH
• Chitinases pharmacology   MeSH
• Fusarium drug effects   MeSH
• Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase MeSH
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
• Plant Diseases microbiology   MeSH
• Substrate Specificity MeSH
• Trichoderma enzymology   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• beta-Glucosidase MeSH
• Chitinases MeSH
• Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase MeSH

Unexpected pathogens from the environment represent considerable risk for humans with impaired health. We examined the occurrence of itraconazole tolerant micromycetes in soil and in maize products. Five concentrations of itraconazole (2.5-12.5 micrograms/mL) selected according to known treatment schedules for human patients were incorporated into Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol and Rose Bengal and diluted samples were inoculated onto the agar surface. After 7-d growth at 22 degrees C colonies of Alternaria sp., Aspergillus clavatus, A. glaucus group, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger group, A. ochraceus group, A. ochraceus, Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cylindrocarpon sp., Doratomyces sp., Fusarium sp., F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. subglutinans, Marianaea elegans, Mortierella sp., Mucor sp., Myrothecium sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Sepedonium sp., Stachybotrys chartarum, Stemphylium sp., Torula humicola and Trichoderma viride were isolated.

• MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Microbial MeSH
• Antifungal Agents pharmacology   MeSH
• Fungi drug effects   isolation & purification   pathogenicity   MeSH
• Itraconazole pharmacology   MeSH
• Zea mays microbiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
• Mycoses drug therapy   microbiology   MeSH
• Opportunistic Infections drug therapy   microbiology   MeSH
• Food Microbiology * MeSH
• Soil Microbiology * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Antifungal Agents MeSH
• Itraconazole MeSH