Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.

• Klíčová slova
• European Multi Lake Survey, anatoxin, cylindrospermopsin, direct effects, indirect effects, microcystin, spatial distribution, temperature,
• MeSH
• alkaloidy MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny analýza   MeSH
• jezera mikrobiologie   MeSH
• klimatické změny MeSH
• látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• mikrocystiny analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• sinice * MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• toxiny kmene Cyanobacteria MeSH
• tropany analýza   MeSH
• uracil analogy a deriváty   analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkaloidy MeSH
• anatoxin a MeSH Prohlížeč
• bakteriální toxiny MeSH
• cylindrospermopsin MeSH Prohlížeč
• látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• mikrocystiny MeSH
• toxiny kmene Cyanobacteria MeSH
• tropany MeSH
• uracil MeSH

Pectinatella magnifica, an invasive bryozoan, might significantly affect ecosystem balance due to its massive occurrence in many areas in Europe and other parts of the world. Biological and chemical analyses are needed to get complete information about the impact of the animal on the environment. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate in vitro cytotoxic effects of five extracts prepared from P. magnifica using LDH assay on THP-1 cell line. Antimicrobial activities of extracts against 22 different bacterial strains were tested by microdilution method. Our study showed that all extracts tested, except aqueous portion, demonstrated LD50 values below 100 μg/mL, which indicates potential toxicity. The water extract of P. magnifica with LD50 value of 250 μg/mL also shows potentially harmful effects. Also, an environmental risk resulting from the presence and increasing biomass of potentially toxic benthic cyanobacteria in old colonies should not be underestimated. Toxicity of Pectinatella extracts could be partially caused by presence of Aeromonas species in material, since we found members of these genera as most abundant bacteria associated with P. magnifica. Furthermore, P. magnifica seems to be a promising source of certain antimicrobial agents. Its methanolic extract, hexane, and chloroform fractions possessed selective inhibitory effect on some potential pathogens and food spoiling bacteria in the range of MIC 0.5-10 mg/mL. Future effort should be made to isolate and characterize the content compounds derived from P. magnifica, which could help to identify the substance(s) responsible for the toxic effects of P. magnifica extracts.

• Klíčová slova
• Aeromonas, Bryozoa, Pectinatella magnifica, antimicrobial activity, bacteria, cyanobacteria, invasive species, toxicity,
• MeSH
• Aeromonas chemie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteria účinky léků   MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny farmakologie   MeSH
• Bryozoa chemie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• chloroform farmakologie   MeSH
• hexany farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methanol farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• testy toxicity MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• zavlečené druhy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny MeSH
• chloroform MeSH
• hexany MeSH
• methanol MeSH