A comprehensive international consensus on the cytogenetic risk-group stratification of KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-r) pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is lacking. This retrospective (2005-2016) International Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Study Group study on 1256 children with KMT2A-r AML aims to validate the prognostic value of established recurring KMT2A fusions and additional cytogenetic aberrations (ACAs) and to define additional, recurring KMT2A fusions and ACAs, evaluating their prognostic relevance. Compared with our previous study, 3 additional, recurring KMT2A-r groups were defined: Xq24/KMT2A::SEPT6, 1p32/KMT2A::EPS15, and 17q12/t(11;17)(q23;q12). Across 13 KMT2A-r groups, 5-year event-free survival probabilities varied significantly (21.8%-76.2%; P < .01). ACAs occurred in 46.8% of 1200 patients with complete karyotypes, correlating with inferior overall survival (56.8% vs 67.9%; P < .01). Multivariable analyses confirmed independent associations of 4q21/KMT2A::AFF1, 6q27/KMT2A::AFDN, 10p12/KMT2A::MLLT10, 10p11.2/KMT2A::ABI1, and 19p13.3/KMT2A::MLLT1 with adverse outcomes, but not those of 1q21/KMT2A::MLLT11 and trisomy 19 with favorable and adverse outcomes, respectively. Newly identified ACAs with independent adverse prognoses were monosomy 10, trisomies 1, 6, 16, and X, add(12p), and del(9q). Among patients with 9p22/KMT2A::MLLT3, the independent association of French-American-British-type M5 with favorable outcomes was confirmed, and those of trisomy 6 and measurable residual disease at end of induction with adverse outcomes were identified. We provide evidence to incorporate 5 adverse-risk KMT2A fusions into the cytogenetic risk-group stratification of KMT2A-r pediatric AML, to revise the favorable-risk classification of 1q21/KMT2A::MLLT11 to intermediate risk, and to refine the risk-stratification of 9p22/KMT2A::MLLT3 AML. Future studies should validate the associations between the newly identified ACAs and outcomes and unravel the underlying biological pathogenesis of KMT2A fusions and ACAs.

• MeSH
• akutní myeloidní leukemie * genetika   mortalita   MeSH
• chromozomální aberace MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• genová přestavba MeSH
• histonlysin-N-methyltransferasa * genetika   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• protoonkogenní protein MLL * genetika   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• histonlysin-N-methyltransferasa * MeSH
• KMT2A protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• protoonkogenní protein MLL * MeSH

• MeSH
• akutní myeloidní leukemie genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• exprese genu * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 11 * MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 6 * MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• transkripční faktory bHLH genetika   MeSH
• translokace genetická * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• BHLHE41 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• transkripční faktory bHLH MeSH