Resistant strains of Escherichia coli were obtained by stepwise cultivation in media with increasing concentration of antimicrobially active 1-(methyldodecyl)dimethylamine oxide and 1-(methyldodecyl)trimethylammonium bromide. Adaptive changes were determined in the fatty-acid (FA) composition in an isolated lipopolysaccharide sample from the outer membrane of these strains. The composition of this FA mixture from adapted strains was compared with that of FA from a sensitive strain. The differences were found in level of palmitic, heptadecanoic, heptadecenoic, heptadecadienoic and nonadecenoic acids. In addition, the adapted strains differed from each other in the content of myristic, pentadecanoic, stearic and linoleic acids.

• MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Bacterial MeSH
• Dimethylamines pharmacology   MeSH
• Escherichia coli drug effects   metabolism   MeSH
• Adaptation, Physiological drug effects   MeSH
• Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology   MeSH
• Lipopolysaccharides metabolism   MeSH
• Fatty Acids metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Dimethylamines MeSH
• Quaternary Ammonium Compounds MeSH
• Lipopolysaccharides MeSH
• Fatty Acids MeSH
• N-(1-methyldodecyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium MeSH Browser
• N,N-dimethyl-1-methyldodecylamine oxide MeSH Browser

The immunomodulatory activities of monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA) and diphosphoryl lipid A analogues obtained from the sensitive strain of E. coli and from the resistant strains adapted to a quaternary ammonium salt and an amine oxide were compared. All analogues considerably stimulated the activity of human leukocytes although the analogue from the sensitive strain at a higher concentration significantly suppressed phagocytosis. The MLA analogue exhibited a suppressive effect on the microbicidal activity of human leukocytes against E. coli and the peroxidase activity. Adaptation of bacteria to amphiphilic antimicrobial compounds, which is accompanied by chemical changes in their lipid A, only slightly reduced their immunomodulatory activity when compared with the analogue from the sensitive strain. On the other hand, the diphosphoryl analogues were less active than MLA.

• MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Bacterial MeSH
• Dimethylamines pharmacology   MeSH
• Escherichia coli drug effects   immunology   physiology   MeSH
• Phagocytosis MeSH
• Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology   MeSH
• Leukocytes enzymology   immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lipid A analogs & derivatives   immunology   MeSH
• Muramidase metabolism   MeSH
• Peroxidase metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Dimethylamines MeSH
• diphosphoryl lipid A MeSH Browser
• Quaternary Ammonium Compounds MeSH
• Lipid A MeSH
• monophosphoryl lipid A MeSH Browser
• Muramidase MeSH
• N-(1-methyldodecyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium MeSH Browser
• N,N-dimethyl-1-methyldodecylamine oxide MeSH Browser
• Peroxidase MeSH

The effect of subinhibitory concentrations (subMICs) of new organic ammonium salts of four homologous series of alkylammonium bromides (32 compounds) was determined with respect to the induction of lysogenic strain prophage, influence of permeability reactions in a rabbit skin test and cytotoxic changes of monolayers of Vero cells. The culture filtrates were prepared by 1-d cultivation of Salmonella typhimurium in a synthetic culture medium under conditions of intensive aeration at 37 degrees C after addition of subinhibitory concentrations of organic ammonium salts. The results showed that substances of the homologous series of 2-(10-undecenoyloxy)ethyl-alkyldimethylammonium bromides were characterized by a prophage-inducing effect in lysogenic strain cells. The induction of prophage raised with rising concentrations of subMICs of the substances, and its titer in the culture filtrates was mostly 4.10(6) PFU/mL. Substances C3, C9 and C12 of the same homologous series had the strongest effect on the permeability reaction in rabbit skin in 1/2 MICs. One-half MICs of four substances (B14, C3, C12, C14) and 1/4 MICs of substance A16 influenced cytotoxic changes on Vero cells, the other substances were ineffective.

• MeSH
• Virus Activation drug effects   MeSH
• Chlorocebus aethiops MeSH
• Salmonella Phages drug effects   MeSH
• Capillary Permeability drug effects   MeSH
• Rabbits MeSH
• Skin blood supply   drug effects   MeSH
• Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Molecular Structure MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium drug effects   pathogenicity   virology   MeSH
• Vero Cells MeSH
• Structure-Activity Relationship MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rabbits MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Quaternary Ammonium Compounds MeSH

The frequency of elimination of plasmid pKM101 from Salmonella typhimurium TA92 exposed to the action of 1-alkyl-1-ethylpiperidinium bromides and N-alkyl-N-[5-(benzoyloxy)-3-oxapentyl]-N,N-dimethylammonium bromides was non-linear in the homologous series. Change in the length of the alkyl chain markedly affected the elimination properties of the piperidine derivatives but had no effect on the elimination of benzoyl derivatives. Piperidines exhibited a weaker elimination capacity than the benzoyl derivatives. The most potent eliminator was the octylbenzoyl derivative, which causes the elimination of the plasmid in 80-85% cells.

• MeSH
• Bromides pharmacology   MeSH
• Quaternary Ammonium Compounds pharmacology   MeSH
• Plasmids * MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium drug effects   genetics   MeSH
• Salts pharmacology   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Bromides MeSH
• Quaternary Ammonium Compounds MeSH
• Salts MeSH