The effect of venlafaxine, a pharmaceutical commonly found in aquatic environment, was analyzed on non-target organism, Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822). D. rerio embryos were treated by two different concentrations of venlafaxine: either concentration relevant in aquatic environment (0.3 μg/L) or concentration that was two orders of magnitude higher (30 μg/L) for the evaluation of dose-dependent effect. Time-dependent effect was rated at 24, 96, and 144 h post-fertilization (hpf). For gene expression, genes representing one of the phases of xenobiotic biotransformation (0 to III) were selected. The results of this study showed that the effect of venlafaxine on the zebrafish embryos is the most evident at hatching (96 hpf). At this time, the results showed a downregulation of gene expression in each phase of biotransformation and in both tested concentrations. In contrast, an upregulation of most of the genes was observed 144 hpf for both tested venlafaxine concentrations. The study shows that venlafaxine can affect the gene expression of biotransformation enzymes in D. rerio embryos even in the environmentally relevant concentration and thus disrupt the process of biotransformation. Moreover, the pxr regulation of genes seems to be disrupted after venlafaxine exposure in dose- and time-dependent manner.

• Klíčová slova
• : ABC transporters, Metabolism, Pharmaceutical, Regulation, Xenobiotics, Zebrafish, pxr,
• MeSH
• antidepresiva farmakologie   MeSH
• biotransformace MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu farmakologie   MeSH
• dánio pruhované * MeSH
• embryo nesavčí účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese enzymů * MeSH
• venlafaxin hydrochlorid farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antidepresiva MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• venlafaxin hydrochlorid MeSH

Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is an active substance of many herbicides. According to literature studies, glyphosate residues and their metabolites have been commonly detected in surface waters and toxicological reports confirmed negative effects on living organisms. In this study, the acute embryo toxicity of glyphosate into two different fish species-common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and zebrafish (Danio rerio)-was investigated. Lethal endpoints, development disorder, and, in addition, other sublethal endpoints such as hatching rate, formation of somites, and development of eyes, spontaneous movement, heartbeat/blood circulation, pigmentation, and edema were recorded to indicate the mode of action of the toxic compound. Hatching retardation (p < 0.05) was observed in experimental groups of common carp exposed to glyphosate with significant statistical difference especially at the highest concentration after 72, 96, and 120 hpf. The significantly highest cumulative mortality at concentration of 50 mg/l was observed. In contrast, hatching stimulation was observed in embryos of zebrafish exposed to the highest concentration of glyphosate. The significantly highest cumulative mortality for zebrafish was observed only at concentration of 50 mg/l. Based on our results, early life stages of common carp are more sensitive in comparison to zebrafish to the toxic action of glyphosate.

• Klíčová slova
• Embryo toxicity tests, Fish, Glyphosate, Hatching, Herbicide, Malformation, Mortality,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• dánio pruhované růst a vývoj   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• embryo nesavčí účinky léků   MeSH
• embryonální vývoj účinky léků   MeSH
• glycin analogy a deriváty   toxicita   MeSH
• glyfosát MeSH
• herbicidy toxicita   MeSH
• kapři růst a vývoj   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• glycin MeSH
• herbicidy MeSH

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to a fluoroquinolone norfloxacin, using selected oxidative stress parameters as a target. Toxicity tests were performed on zebrafish according to the OECD Guidelines number 203 and number 215. In the Subchronic Toxicity Test, a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and catalase was found. In the test, norfloxacin did not affect lipid peroxidation and catalytic activity of glutathione reductase. From the results, we can conclude that norfloxacin has a negative impact on specific biochemical processes connected with the production of reactive oxygen species in fish tested.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• dánio pruhované metabolismus   MeSH
• norfloxacin škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• norfloxacin MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH