BACKGROUND: Given the increasing lifespan of the elderly and the higher proportion of older people in the global population, the incidence rate of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing. The aim of this study is to evaluate, by means of computer simulations, developments in the costs of treating and caring for people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the EU 28 by 2080, while assuming the introduction of drug administrations at various disease stages. METHODS: Impact analysis leverages a mathematical model that compares five different population development scenarios when introducing different types of drugs to the scenarios but without changing the treatment. Changes in the economic burden are considered as of 2023, when new drugs are expected to enter the market. FINDINGS: The results of the simulations show that by prolonging the length of a person's 'stay' in the Mild, Moderate, or Severe stage, the total cost of care for all persons with AD will increase by 2080. For individual scenarios, the percentage of patients and costs increased as follows: Mild by one year, by 10.61%; Mild by two years, by 17.73%; Moderate by one year, by 16.79%; Moderate by two years, by 34.88%; and Severe by one year, by 23.79%. The change in cost development when prolonging the stay in the Mild cognitive impairment stage (by lowering the incidence by 10%, 30%, or 50%) reduced the cost (by 4.88%, 16.78% and 32.48%, respectively). INTERPRETATION: The results unambiguously show that any intervention prolonging a patient's stay in any stage will incur additional care costs and an increase in the number of persons with AD. Therefore, extending lifespan is important in terms of improving the quality of life of patients, and the introduction of new drugs must consider the additional costs imposed upon society.

• MeSH
• Alzheimer Disease drug therapy   economics   therapy   MeSH
• Longevity MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction drug therapy   economics   therapy   MeSH
• Quality of Life MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Health Care Costs statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Nootropic Agents economics   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Computer Simulation MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Nootropic Agents MeSH

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is often disabling and for which there is currently no cure, though disease-modifying treatment is now available. The aim of this study is to describe the current values of the direct costs of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Attention is focused on direct medical costs. The costs were monitored in the Czech Republic among 5673 patients in the period between 2011 and 2015. These costs included complex, special and targeted visits at the neurologist, blood collection and the costs of hospitalisation. The results refer to the diagnoses according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The attention is focused on MS G35 (NS; brain stem; spinal cord; disseminated; generalised). RESULTS: The average total direct costs per patient per year are 4838.1 €. Not every patient has to be hospitalised during the year, and not every patient has prescribed medication. According to the above data, 12% of patients are hospitalised and 55% of patients are prescribed medication. The minimum average cost per patient without medication and hospitalisation is 54.1 €. CONCLUSION: Cost evaluation across countries is difficult due to the different evidence. If only selected direct costs considered in this study are compared, the absolute economics burden increases over time. The only statistically significant difference in the average price and the time spent is between 2012 and 2013, where the correlation value is 0.597.

• Keywords
• Czech Republic, Direct costs, Multiple sclerosis, Neurological disease,
• MeSH
• Hospitalization economics   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Costs and Cost Analysis MeSH
• Cost of Illness * MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Multiple Sclerosis economics   epidemiology   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic epidemiology   MeSH

• MeSH
• Alzheimer Disease * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Cost of Illness MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Letter MeSH
• Comment MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• India MeSH