Pesticide compounds can influence denitrification processes in groundwater in many ways. This study observed behavior of three selected pesticides under denitrifying conditions. Alachlor, terbuthylazine, and tebuconazole, in a concentration of 0.1 mL L-1, were examined using two laboratory denitrifications assays: a "short" 7-day and a "long" 28-day test. During these tests, removal of pesticides via adsorption and biotic decomposition, as well as the efficiency of nitrate removal in the presence of the pesticides, were measured. No considerable inhibition of the denitrification process was observed for any of the pesticides. On the contrary, significant stimulation was observed after 21 days for alachlor (49%) and after seven days for terbuthylazine (40%) and tebuconazole (36%). Adsorption was in progress only during the first seven days in the case of all tested pesticides and increased only negligibly afterwards. Immediate adsorption of terbuthylazine was probably influenced by the mercuric chloride inhibitor. A biotic loss of 4% was measured only in the case of alachlor.

• Klíčová slova
• alachlor, inhibition, laboratory denitrification assay, tebuconazole, terbuthylazine,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The effects of the herbicide metazachlor and its major metabolite metazachlor OA at two concentrations, including environmentally relevant concentrations of metazachlor (0.0115 µmol/l and 0.0790 µmol/l) and metazachlor OA (0.0117 µmol/l and 0.0805 µmol/l), respectively, were evaluated on early ontogeny, growth, behaviour, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme levels, histology, and mortality of marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Both tested concentrations of metazachlor and metazachlor OA were associated with significantly lower growth and delayed ontogenetic development compared to controls. Exposure of metazachlor at 0.0115 µmol/l and metazachlor OA at 0.0117 µmol/l and 0.0805 µmol/l resulted in significantly lower activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced glutathione (GSH) compared with control and resulted in gill anomalies ranging from wall thinning to focal disintegration of branchial structure. Metazachlor at the environmentally relevant concentration of 0.0790 µmol/l was associated with significant alterations of crayfish distance moved and walking speed. The potential risk associated with metazachlor use in agriculture related to effects on non-target aquatic organisms.

• MeSH
• acetamidy metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• ekotoxikologie MeSH
• embryo nesavčí účinky léků   MeSH
• glutathion metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa metabolismus   MeSH
• hepatopankreas účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• herbicidy metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• lokomoce účinky léků   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• severní raci účinky léků   embryologie   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• žábry účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetamidy MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa MeSH
• herbicidy MeSH
• metazachlor MeSH Prohlížeč
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH