Diabetes mellitus is characterized by long standing hyperglycemia leading to numerous life-threatening complications. For type 1 diabetes mellitus, resulting from selective destruction of insulin producing cells by exaggerated immune reaction, the only effective therapy remains exogenous insulin administration. Despite accurate compliance to treatment of certain patients, transient episodes of hyperglycemia cannot be completely eliminated by this symptomatic treatment. Novel immunotherapeutic approaches based on tolerogenic dendritic cells, T regulatory cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been tested in clinical trials, endeavoring to directly modulate the autoimmune destruction process in pancreas. However, hyperglycemia itself affects the immune system and the final efficacy of cell-based immunotherapies could be affected by the different glycemic control of enrolled patients. The present review explores the impact of hyperglycemia on immune cells while providing greater insight into the molecular mechanisms of high glucose action and subsequent metabolic reprogramming of different immune cells. Furthermore, over-production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, formation of advanced glycation end products as a consequence of hyperglycemia and their downstream signalization in immune cells are also discussed. Since hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus might have an impact on immune-interventional treatment, the maintenance of a tight glucose control seems to be beneficial in patients considered for cell-based therapy.

• Klíčová slova
• cell-based therapy, dendritic cells, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, immune tolerance,
• MeSH
• dendritické buňky imunologie   metabolismus   transplantace   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu imunologie   MeSH
• hyperglykemie imunologie   MeSH
• imunologická tolerance účinky léků   MeSH
• imunoterapie adoptivní metody   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky imunologie   MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• monitorování fyziologických funkcí MeSH
• přeprogramování buněk MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty imunologie   transplantace   MeSH
• transplantace mezenchymálních kmenových buněk MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH