The 9th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) Summit: Congress on Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Outcomes was held virtually on November 30-December 1, 2023. This reference congress served as a platform for in-depth discussions and exchange on recently completed outcomes trials including dapagliflozin (DAPA-MI), semaglutide (SELECT and STEP-HFpEF) and bempedoic acid (CLEAR Outcomes), and the advances they represent in reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), improving metabolic outcomes, and treating obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). A broad audience of endocrinologists, diabetologists, cardiologists, nephrologists and primary care physicians participated in online discussions on guideline updates for the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes, heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD); advances in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its comorbidities; advances in the management of CKD with SGLT2 inhibitors and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (nsMRAs); and advances in the treatment of obesity with GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists. The association of diabetes and obesity with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, MASH) and cancer and possible treatments for these complications were also explored. It is generally assumed that treatment of chronic diseases is equally effective for all patients. However, as discussed at the Summit, this assumption may not be true. Therefore, it is important to enroll patients from diverse racial and ethnic groups in clinical trials and to analyze patient-reported outcomes to assess treatment efficacy, and to develop innovative approaches to tailor medications to those who benefit most with minimal side effects. Other keys to a successful management of diabetes and comorbidities, including dementia, entail the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology and the implementation of appropriate patient-physician communication strategies. The 10th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial Summit will be held virtually on December 5-6, 2024 ( http://www.cvot.org ).

• Keywords
• CGM, Cardiovascular disease, Chronic kidney disease, Diabetes, Finerenone, GLP-1 RA, Guidelines, Heart failure, MASLD, NAFLD, Obesity, SGLT2 inhibitor, Teplizumab,
• MeSH
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic * diagnosis   epidemiology   therapy   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 * drug therapy   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus * drug therapy   MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases * diagnosis   epidemiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Blood Glucose MeSH
• Kidney MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Obesity complications   MeSH
• Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring MeSH
• Heart Failure * complications   MeSH
• Stroke Volume MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Letter MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Blood Glucose MeSH

The 8th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) Summit on Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Glycemic Outcomes was held virtually on November 10-12, 2022. Following the tradition of previous summits, this reference congress served as a platform for in-depth discussion and exchange on recently completed outcomes trials as well as key trials important to the cardiovascular (CV) field. This year's focus was on the results of the DELIVER, EMPA-KIDNEY and SURMOUNT-1 trials and their implications for the treatment of heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and obesity with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. A broad audience of primary care physicians, diabetologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists, and nephrologists participated online in discussions on new consensus recommendations and guideline updates on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CKD management, overcoming clinical inertia, glycemic markers, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), novel insulin preparations, combination therapy, and reclassification of T2D. The impact of cardiovascular outcomes on the design of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) trials, as well as the impact of real-world evidence (RWE) studies on the confirmation of CVOT outcomes and clinical trial design, were also intensively discussed. The 9th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial Summit will be held virtually on November 23-24, 2023 ( http://www.cvot.org ).

• Keywords
• Cardiovascular disease, Chronic kidney disease, Diabetes, GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, Heart failure, Obesity, SGLT2 inhibitor,
• MeSH
• Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists MeSH
• Renal Insufficiency, Chronic * diagnosis   drug therapy   epidemiology   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 * diagnosis   drug therapy   epidemiology   MeSH
• Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases * diagnosis   drug therapy   epidemiology   MeSH
• Blood Glucose MeSH
• Kidney MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Letter MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists MeSH
• Hypoglycemic Agents MeSH
• Blood Glucose MeSH

EMPA-REG OUTCOME is recognised by international guidelines as a landmark study that showed a significant cardioprotective benefit with empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. To assess the impact of empagliflozin in routine clinical practice, the ongoing EMPRISE study is collecting real-world evidence to compare effectiveness, safety and health economic outcomes between empagliflozin and DPP-4 inhibitors. A planned interim analysis of EMPRISE was recently published, confirming a substantial reduction in hospitalisation for heart failure with empagliflozin across a diverse patient population. In this commentary article, we discuss the new data in the context of current evidence and clinical guidelines, as clinicians experienced in managing cardiovascular risk in patients with T2D. We also look forward to what future insights EMPRISE may offer, as evidence is accumulated over the next years to complement the important findings of EMPA-REG OUTCOME.

• Keywords
• CVOTs, EMPA-REG OUTCOME, EMPRISE, Heart failure, Real-world evidence, Type 2 diabetes,
• MeSH
• Benzhydryl Compounds adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diagnosis   drug therapy   mortality   MeSH
• Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Glucosides adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Hospitalization MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis   mortality   therapy   MeSH
• Clinical Decision-Making MeSH
• Clinical Trials as Topic methods   MeSH
• Practice Patterns, Physicians' MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Evidence-Based Medicine * MeSH
• Protective Factors MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Research Design * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Benzhydryl Compounds MeSH
• empagliflozin MeSH Browser
• Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors MeSH
• Glucosides MeSH

The 4th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) Summit of the Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease (D&CVD) EASD Study Group was held in Munich on 25-26 October 2018. As in previous years, this summit served as a reference meeting for in-depth discussions on the topic of recently completed and presented CVOTs. This year, focus was placed on the CVOTs CARMELINA, DECLARE-TIMI 58 and Harmony Outcomes. Trial implications for diabetes management and the impact of the new ADA/EASD consensus statement treatment algorithm were highlighted for diabetologists, cardiologists, endocrinologists, nephrologists and general practitioners. Discussions evolved from CVOTs to additional therapy options for heart failure (ARNI), knowledge gained for adjunct therapy of type 1 diabetes and, on the occasion of the 10 year anniversary of the FDA's "Guidance for Industry: "should CVOTs be continued and/or modified?" The 5th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial Summit will be held in Munich on 24-25 October 2019 ( http://www.cvot.org ).

• Keywords
• CARMELINA, CVOT, Cardiovascular risk, DECLARE-TIMI 58, Diabetes, Harmony Outcomes, ODYSSEY OUTCOMES,
• MeSH
• Biomedical Research methods   standards   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus diagnosis   drug therapy   epidemiology   MeSH
• Endocrinology methods   standards   MeSH
• Hypoglycemic Agents adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cardiology methods   standards   MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis   epidemiology   therapy   MeSH
• Clinical Trials as Topic methods   standards   MeSH
• Cooperative Behavior MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Interdisciplinary Communication MeSH
• Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Congress MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Hypoglycemic Agents MeSH