The 4th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) Summit of the Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease (D&CVD) EASD Study Group was held in Munich on 25-26 October 2018. As in previous years, this summit served as a reference meeting for in-depth discussions on the topic of recently completed and presented CVOTs. This year, focus was placed on the CVOTs CARMELINA, DECLARE-TIMI 58 and Harmony Outcomes. Trial implications for diabetes management and the impact of the new ADA/EASD consensus statement treatment algorithm were highlighted for diabetologists, cardiologists, endocrinologists, nephrologists and general practitioners. Discussions evolved from CVOTs to additional therapy options for heart failure (ARNI), knowledge gained for adjunct therapy of type 1 diabetes and, on the occasion of the 10 year anniversary of the FDA's "Guidance for Industry: "should CVOTs be continued and/or modified?" The 5th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial Summit will be held in Munich on 24-25 October 2019 ( http://www.cvot.org ).

• Klíčová slova
• CARMELINA, CVOT, Cardiovascular risk, DECLARE-TIMI 58, Diabetes, Harmony Outcomes, ODYSSEY OUTCOMES,
• MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum metody   normy   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus diagnóza   farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• endokrinologie metody   normy   MeSH
• hypoglykemika škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kardiologie metody   normy   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma metody   normy   MeSH
• kooperační chování MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezioborová komunikace MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hypoglykemika MeSH

BACKGROUND: It is known that the systems of pediatric diabetes care differ across the member states of the European Union (EU). The aim of this project was to characterize some of the main differences among the national systems. METHODS: Data were collected using two questionnaires. The first one was distributed among leading centers of pediatric diabetes (one per country) with the aim of establishing an overview of the systems, national policies, quality control (QC) and financing of pediatric diabetes care. Responses were received from all 27 EU countries. The second questionnaire was widely disseminated among all 354 International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes members with a domicile in an EU country; it included questions related to individual pediatric diabetes centers. A total of 108 datasets were collected and processed from healthcare professionals who were treating more than 29 000 children and adolescents with diabetes. Data on the reimbursement policies were verified by representatives of the pharmaceutical and medical device companies. RESULTS: The collected data reflect the situation in 2009. There was a notable heterogeneity among the systems for provision of pediatric diabetes care across the EU. Only 20/27 EU countries had a pediatric diabetes register. Nineteen countries had officially recognized centers for pediatric diabetes, but only nine of them had defined criteria for becoming such a center. A system for QC of pediatric diabetes at the national level was reported in 7/26 countries. Reimbursement for treatment varied significantly across the EU, potentially causing inequalities in access to modern technologies. CONCLUSIONS: The collected data help develop strategies toward improving equity and access to modern pediatric diabetes care across Europe.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus epidemiologie   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• endokrinologie metody   organizace a řízení   normy   MeSH
• Evropská unie organizace a řízení   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• internacionalita MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pediatrie metody   organizace a řízení   normy   MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče * metody   organizace a řízení   normy   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• studium lékařství metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• zdravotnický personál normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

The article is a brief review of the development of the method of saturation analysis (MSA) from its beginning to nowdays. Our clinic participated at some stages on this development. Srámková introduced the RIA of GH in 1968, one year later RIA for prolactin and in 1973 RIA for insulin. The extention of the RIA principle to MSA was after its foundation applicated by Justová et al. for the determination of metabolites of vitamin D. Calcitriol, hormon of vitamin D-metabolites was analysed by radioreceptorassay (RRA). The same principle of RRA was applicated at the determination of receptors for insulin by Hilgertová. The application of MSA at our clinic is summarized in table 1. and 2. The home made methods and the choice of commercial kits were verified not only from the point of view of the demands on the quantitative parameters of the method but also from the point of view of the cost of a kit. At our clinic we follow the development of MSA of specific binding proteins (BP), trying to introduce or modify the described techniques f. e. the analyses of BP of GH (GHBP), BP for IGF-I (IGFBP-3, IGFBP-1). The extention of the analysed compounds leads to the precision in the diagnosis and more effective monitoring in the process of treatment. Generally, the article describes the utilization of MSA in laboratories interested not only in the routine work, but in the research activity as well.

• MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• endokrinologie metody   MeSH
• imunoanalýza * dějiny   metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH