BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients, who often have multiple risk factors. Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis is widely applied to lower this risk, but guidelines lack dosing recommendations. OBJECTIVE: This survey aims to assess current thromboprophylaxis preferences and willingness to participate in future randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on this topic. METHOD: We conducted an international online survey between February and May 2023 among intensive care unit (ICU) physicians, including 16 questions about preferences in relation to thromboprophylaxis and preferences on topics for a future RCT. The survey was distributed through the network of the Collaboration for Research in Intensive Care. RESULTS: A total of 715 physicians from 170 ICUs in 23 countries contributed information, with a mean response rate of 36%. In most ICUs, both pharmacological (n = 166, 98%) and mechanical thromboprophylaxis (n = 143, 84%) were applied. A total of 36 pharmacological thromboprophylaxis regimens were reported. Use of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was most common (n = 149 ICUs, 87%), followed by subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (n = 44 ICUs, 26%). Seventy-five percent of physicians indicated that they used enoxaparin 40 mg (4000 IU), dalteparin 5000 IU, or tinzaparin 4500 IU once daily, whereas 25% reported the use of 16 other LMWH type and dose combinations. Dose adjustment according to weight was common (78 ICUs, 46%). Participants perceived high variation in the application of thromboprophylaxis and were willing to consider an alternative LMWH type (n = 542, 76%) or dose (n = 538, 75%) in the context of an RCT. CONCLUSION: LMWH was the preferred agent for thromboprophylaxis in critically ill patients. There was considerable variation in the application of LMWH for prophylaxis, reflected by the use of different types, doses, and dosing strategies. Most physicians would be willing to participate in an RCT on thromboprophylaxis. EDITORIAL COMMENT: This survey demonstrates current patterns in implementation preferences for critically ill patients. While there is one approach and drug that is commonly preferred, these findings show that there is some variation in practice.
- Klíčová slova
- ICU, survey, thromboprophylaxis,
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- heparin nízkomolekulární * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- internacionalita MeSH
- jednotky intenzivní péče * MeSH
- kritický stav MeSH
- lékaři MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu metody MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- žilní tromboembolie * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antikoagulancia * MeSH
- heparin nízkomolekulární * MeSH
The volume and structure of agricultural production depend on many different factors, including environmental, climatic, weather, economic, development potential of the agricultural sector, but also on historical conditions, etc. This study aimed to determine the diversification of the obtained agricultural production per capita of the EU candidate countries (CC) and the Eastern Partnership countries (EPC), presenting the potential of the analysed countries in terms of selected products in the field of plant and animal production, as well as to present quantitative changes in production in the years 2011-2021. Food self-sufficiency indicators, cluster analysis using Ward's method, a synthetic measure of agricultural production development and a composite indicator were applied in the study, to show the diversity and position of the surveyed countries in terms of agricultural production per capita. The research revealed that Belarus and Türkiye have the highest agricultural production potential. Belarus has the potential to be competitive on the market mainly of animal products. Three countries dominate the grain market: Moldova, Serbia and Ukraine. Countries where the agricultural sector does not play a significant role are primarily Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia and Montenegro.
- MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zásobování potravinami MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny růst a vývoj MeSH
- zemědělství * ekonomika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Běloruská republika MeSH
- Bosna a Hercegovina MeSH
- Černá Hora MeSH
- Gruzie MeSH
- Moldavsko MeSH
- Srbsko MeSH
- Ukrajina MeSH
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: While prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality rates continue to rise, early detection of PCa remains highly controversial, and the research landscape is rapidly evolving. Existing systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) provide valuable insights, but often focus on single aspects of early detection, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the topic. We aim to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive SR of contemporary SRs covering different aspects of early detection of PCa in the European Union (EU) and the UK. METHODS: On June 1, 2023, we searched four databases (Medline ALL via Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and Google Scholar. To avoid repetition of previous studies, only SRs (qualitative, quantitative, and/or MAs) were considered eligible. In the data, common themes were identified to present the evidence systematically. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: We identified 1358 citations, resulting in 26 SRs eligible for inclusion. Six themes were identified: (1) invitation: men at general risk should be invited at >50 yr of age, and testing should be discontinued at >70 yr or with <10 yr of life expectancy; (2) decision-making: most health authorities discourage population-based screening and instead recommend a shared decision-making (SDM) approach, but implementation of SDM in clinical practice varies widely; decision aids help men make more informed and value-consistent screening decisions and decrease men's intention to attempt screening, but these do not affect screening uptake; (3) acceptance: facilitators for men considering screening include social prompting by partners and clinician recommendations, while barriers include a lack of knowledge, low-risk perception, and masculinity attributes; (4) screening test and algorithm: prostate-specific antigen-based screening reduces PCa-specific mortality and metastatic disease in men aged 55-69 yr at randomisation if screened at least twice; (5) harms and benefits: these benefits come at the cost of unnecessary biopsies, overdiagnosis, and subsequent overtreatment; and (6) future of screening: risk-adapted screening including (prebiopsy) risk calculators, magnetic resonance imaging, and blood- and urine-based biomarkers could reduce these harms. To enable a comprehensive overview, we focused on SRs. These do not include the most recent prospective studies, which were therefore incorporated in the discussion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: By identifying consistent and conflicting evidence, this review highlights the evidence-based foundations that can be built upon, as well as areas requiring further research and improvement to reduce the burden of PCa in the EU and UK. PATIENT SUMMARY: This review of 26 reviews covers various aspects of prostate cancer screening such as invitation, decision-making, screening tests, harms, and benefits. This review provides insights into existing evidence, highlighting the areas of consensus and discrepancies, to guide future research and improve prostate cancer screening strategies in Europe.
- Klíčová slova
- Benefits, Early detection, Harms, Mortality, Opportunistic testing, Prostate cancer, Prostate-specific antigen, Screening, Screening behaviour,
- MeSH
- časná detekce nádoru * MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty * diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené království MeSH
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), or myositis, are a heterogeneous group of systemic autoimmune disorders that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Conducting high-quality clinical trials in IIM is challenging due to the rare and variable presentations of disease. To address this challenge, the Myositis Clinical Trials Consortium (MCTC) was formed. MCTC is a collaborative international alliance dedicated to facilitating, promoting, coordinating and conducting clinical trials and related research in IIM. This partnership works to advance the discovery of effective evidence-based treatments for IIM by integrating a diverse group of clinical investigators, research professionals, medical centres, patient groups, and industry partners. The Steering Committee, Core Group, and Paediatric Subcommittee of MCTC are comprised of myositis experts and junior investigators from around the world, representing a diversity of genders, geographies, and subspecialties. MCTC works alongside other current myositis organisations to complement existing work by concentrating on the operationalisation of clinical trials. Our pilot Myositis Investigators' Information Survey gathered responses from 173 myositis investigators globally and found considerable variability in proficiency with outcome measures, geographic disparities in patient recruitment, and a significant disconnect between investigators' routine myositis patient load and clinical trial enrolment. MCTC will meet the need to support and diversify myositis clinical trials by facilitating trial planning, feasibility assessments, site selection, and the training and mentoring of junior investigators/centres to establish their readiness for clinical trial participation. Through experienced leadership, strategic collaborations, and interdisciplinary discussions, MCTC will establish standards for IIM clinical trial design, protocols, and outcome measures in myositis.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma * MeSH
- kooperační chování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezinárodní spolupráce * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- myozitida * terapie diagnóza MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Waste has emerged as a pressing concern for the environment, primarily stemming from the processes of urbanization and industrialization. The substantial volumes of waste generated pose a serious threat to the environment, as they spread out harmful substances in the soil and release methane emissions into the atmosphere. To effectively address this issue, this study explores the impact of municipal and industrial waste, as well as waste-related innovation on the load capacity factor (LCF) from 2005 to 2020. For this purpose, the augmented mean group method and the half panel jackknife causality approach were conducted by using panel data from 17 European countries. The empirical findings show that (1) the load capacity curve (LCC) hypothesis is confirmed; (2) municipal and industrial waste have a detrimental effect on the LCF; and (3) innovation in waste management practices have no discernible impact on the LCF. In light of these findings, this study emphasizes the importance of efficient waste management for European countries to exploit the potential of waste as a valuable resource rather than a cause of pollution.
- Klíčová slova
- circular economy, industrial waste, load capacity factor, municipal waste, waste management innovation,
- MeSH
- Evropská unie * MeSH
- nakládání s odpady * metody MeSH
- patenty jako téma MeSH
- průmyslový odpad * analýza MeSH
- trvale udržitelný rozvoj * MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Názvy látek
- průmyslový odpad * MeSH
BACKGROUND: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a cutaneous sarcoma with an infiltrative growth pattern that makes it challenging to clear margins. High quality data regarding DFSP natural history, management, and outcomes are limited. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected for adult DFSP patients who underwent resection at 10 institutions in eight countries. Demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Analysis included 347 patients consisting of young (median, 42 years), White (76.2%), males (54.2%) with truncal lesions (57.3%). The majority (76.8%) were symptomatic at presentation. Preoperative imaging was used in 55.9% of cases. Diagnosis was established with excisional biopsy in 50.9% versus incisional biopsy in 25.0% of cases. Despite planned margins of >1.0 cm in 67.4% of cases, only 69.0% of patients achieved R0 resection. Twenty-two percent of patients underwent at least one re-excision. R0 resection was achieved at a second procedure in 80.2% and a third procedure in 86.2%. Ultimately, R0 resection was feasible in 89.5% of all patients. Fibrosarcomatous transformation (FST) was observed in 12.6%. In total, 6.6% (N = 23) recurred (17 local, six distant). Of the six distant recurrences, 50.0% had FST. With a median follow-up of 47.0 months, disease-specific survival rate was 98.8%. In multivariable analysis, R0 margins at index resection were associated with wider circumferential margins and non-FST histology. CONCLUSIONS: In this international, multicenter collaborative, DFSP practice patterns were heterogeneous but achieved favorable recurrence rates and survival. Multiple excisions to clear margins remain commonplace and can inform future efforts to optimize margin selection.
- Klíčová slova
- R0 status, circumferential margins, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, resection,
- MeSH
- dermatofibrosarkom * patologie chirurgie terapie mortalita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- internacionalita * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru patologie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádory kůže * patologie chirurgie mortalita terapie MeSH
- resekční okraje MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
Pathogens significantly influence natural and agricultural ecosystems, playing a crucial role in the regulation of species populations and maintaining biodiversity. Entomopathogenic fungi (EF), particularly within the Hypocreales order, exemplify understudied pathogens that infect insects and other arthropods globally. Despite their ecological importance, comprehensive data on EF host specificity and geographical distribution are lacking. To address this, we present EntomoFun 1.0, an open-access database centralizing global records of EF-insect associations in Hypocreales. This database includes 1,791 records detailing EF species, insect host taxa, countries of occurrence, life stages of hosts, and information sources. EntomoFun 1.0 is constructed based on 600 literature sources, as well as herbarium specimens of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. This database is intended to test hypotheses, identify knowledge gaps, and stimulate future research. Contents of the EntomoFun 1.0 database are visualized with a global map, taxonomic chart, bipartite community network, and graphs.
There are global movements aiming to promote reform of the traditional research evaluation and reward systems. However, a comprehensive picture of the existing best practices and efforts across various institutions to integrate Open Science into these frameworks remains underdeveloped and not fully known. The aim of this study was to identify perceptions and expectations of various research communities worldwide regarding how Open Science activities are (or should be) formally recognised and rewarded. To achieve this, a global survey was conducted in the framework of the Research Data Alliance, recruiting 230 participants from five continents and 37 countries. Despite most participants reporting that their organisation had one form or another of formal Open Science policies, the majority indicated that their organisation lacks any initiative or tool that provides specific credits or rewards for Open Science activities. However, researchers from France, the United States, the Netherlands and Finland affirmed having such mechanisms in place. The study found that, among various Open Science activities, Open or FAIR data management and sharing stood out as especially deserving of explicit recognition and credit. Open Science indicators in research evaluation and/or career progression processes emerged as the most preferred type of reward.
- MeSH
- internacionalita * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- výzkumní pracovníci psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Implementing policy combinations that neither negatively impact economic performance nor create the least amount of harm is the most crucial factor to consider in policy practices that promote environmental quality. In this regard, green growth, which harmonises both environmental and economic performance, gains importance. Based on this, this study analyses the effects of foreign direct investments, financial development, and financial globalisation on green growth for BRICS countries for the period 1990-2021. For this purpose, the effects of these factors on green growth are investigated using novel wavelet quantile regression and wavelet quantile correlation techniques. The findings show that while foreign direct investment inflow harms green growth in countries other than South Africa, there is a positive effect for South Africa. On the other hand, financial development and financial globalisation have adverse effects on green growth only in South Africa but have an increasing effect on green growth in other countries.
- Klíčová slova
- Financial development, Financial globalization, Foreign direct investments, Green growth, Wavelet techniques,
- MeSH
- ekonomický rozvoj * MeSH
- internacionalita MeSH
- investice * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Jihoafrická republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Higher-than-recommended sugar consumption (< 10% of total energy intake; WHO) leads to negative health impacts and the development of serious diseases. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) proved to be among the leading sources of free sugar intake, as they contain large amounts of added sugar. Our article aims to propose tax measures that will help change consumer behaviour and reduce SSBs consumption. METHODS: For a comparison of the forms of taxation, the experience of seven countries (Denmark, France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Catalonia - Spain, and the UK) were analysed. The evolution of sugar consumption, consumption of sweetened drinks and obesity before and after the introduction and/or abolition of the sugar tax were reviewed. RESULTS: States that implemented a tax on SSBs were able to reduce SSBs consumption in the first year after the tax was introduced when states with a sugar-content-based tax have implemented it more effectively than states with a volume-based tax. Based on this finding, we propose basic design assumptions for the tax that can be used in European countries that have not yet introduced the tax. Progressive taxation divides beverages into 3 bands. The basic assumption is to encourage the desired consumer behaviour, i.e., consumption of SSBs with lower sugar content. The proposed tax design is applied to the conditions of the Czech Republic as a model case study. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that SSBs taxation could be an effective policy intervention to improve population health by reducing the health impacts of SSBs among children and adolescents, although further studies are needed to prove the causality of the described associations.
- Klíčová slova
- diabetes mellitus type 2, health impact, obesity, sugar-sweetened beverages, taxation,
- MeSH
- cukrem slazené nápoje * ekonomika MeSH
- daně * MeSH
- Evropská unie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
