Trypanosomatids are obligate parasites of animals, predominantly insects and vertebrates, and flowering plants. Monoxenous species, representing the vast majority of trypanosomatid diversity, develop in a single host, whereas dixenous species cycle between two hosts, of which primarily insect serves as a vector. To explore in-depth the diversity of insect trypanosomatids including their co-infections, sequence profiling of their 18S rRNA gene was used for true bugs (Hemiptera; 18% infection rate) and flies (Diptera; 10%) in Cuba. Out of 48 species (molecular operational taxonomic units) belonging to the genera Vickermania (16 spp.), Blastocrithidia (7), Obscuromonas (4), Phytomonas (5), Leptomonas/Crithidia (5), Herpetomonas (5), Wallacemonas (2), Kentomonas (1), Angomonas (1) and two unnamed genera (1 + 1), 38 species have been encountered for the first time. The detected Wallacemonas and Angomonas species constitute the most basal lineages of their respective genera, while Vickermania emerged as the most diverse group. The finding of Leptomonas seymouri, which is known to rarely infect humans, confirms that Dysdercus bugs are its natural hosts. A clear association of Phytomonas with the heteropteran family Pentatomidae hints at its narrow host association with the insect rather than plant hosts. With a focus on multiple infections of a single fly host, using deep Nanopore sequencing of 18S rRNA, we have identified co-infections with up to 8 trypanosomatid species. The fly midgut was usually occupied by several Vickermania species, while Herpetomonas and/or Kentomonas species prevailed in the hindgut. Metabarcoding was instrumental for analysing extensive co-infections and also allowed the identification of trypanosomatid lineages and genera.
- Klíčová slova
- biodiversity, diptera, heteroptera, host specificity, monoxenous trypanosomatids, multiple infections, nanopore sequencing, phylogeny, systematics,
- MeSH
- Diptera genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- Hemiptera parazitologie genetika MeSH
- koinfekce * parazitologie MeSH
- protozoální DNA genetika analýza MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S * genetika analýza MeSH
- Trypanosomatina * genetika klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kuba epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- protozoální DNA MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S * MeSH
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the allelic profiles of Treponema pallidum in patients confirmed with syphilis in Cuba (2018-2019) and to explore mutations leading to macrolide and tetracycline resistance. METHODS: Multilocus sequence typing and polymerase chain reaction of rrn loci (23S and 16S rDNA), followed by Sanger sequencing, were used to define the allelic profile of TPA and resistance mutations, respectively. RESULTS: Allelic profile 1.3.1 and the recombinant profile were identified, with 15.7.3 having an increased frequency. We did not detect the presence of the T. pallidum subspecies endemicum among syphilis patients, as in previous reports. A high frequency of macrolide-resistant strains and the absence of mutations potentially causing tetracycline resistance were found. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the current status of treponemal infection in Cuban patients provides insights into the syphilis epidemiology.
- MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrolidy farmakologie MeSH
- syfilis * epidemiologie MeSH
- Treponema pallidum * genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kuba epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- makrolidy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- PCR, Syphilis diagnosis, serology,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- sérologická diagnostika syfilis metody MeSH
- syfilis diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- Treponema pallidum genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kuba MeSH
BACKGROUND: The increased prevalence of syphilis in Cuba prompted us to map the circulating Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum allelic profiles in this geographic region. METHODS: Samples were collected from 2012 to 2017, from 83 male patients with ulcers or skin lesions, and were examined using multilocus sequence typing. Additionally, we analyzed the 23S rDNA and 16S rDNA regions for the presence of possible mutations leading to macrolide and tetracycline resistance. RESULTS: Among 94% of fully typed strains, we found 7 different allelic profiles, of which 4 had not been previously described. More than 87% of patients were infected with the T. pallidum SS14-like group and only 8.2% with T. pallidum Nichols-like group. As in other countries, the 1.3.1 allelic profile (ie, SS14-like) was the most common. In addition, 1 of the newly described allelic profiles represents T. pallidum strains that arose by recombination events between members of different T. pallidum subgroups. More than 90% of patients were infected with treponemes harboring the A2058G mutation. However, we found no potential tetracycline-resistant T. pallidum mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, in Cuba, tetracycline antibiotics could be used to treat syphilis in penicillin-allergic patients instead of macrolides.
- Klíčová slova
- Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, Cuba, macrolide resistance, multilocus sequence typing, recombination in treponemes,
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrolidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- syfilis farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- tetracyklin terapeutické užití MeSH
- Treponema pallidum klasifikace genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kuba MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- makrolidy MeSH
- tetracyklin MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Bejel, caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum (TEN), was until now considered as a non-venereal disease endemic in areas with hot and dry climates. This study has identified TEN in clinical samples from Cuban patients previously diagnosed with syphilis. METHODS: We performed sequencing-based molecular typing on 92 samples from Cuban individuals diagnosed with syphilis. Moreover, to differentiate T. pallidum subspecies, multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) was designed and was applied to suspicious samples. RESULTS: Nine samples, from six patients, had a nucleotide sequence similarity (at all typing loci) to the Bosnia A genome, which is the infectious agent of bejel. Additionally, MLSA clearly supported a TEN classification for the treponemal samples. Clinical and epidemiological data from the six patients also suggested sexual transmission of bejel as well as the endemicity of this rare treponematosis in Cuba. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular identification of Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum, the agent of bejel, in Cuban patients diagnosed with syphilis indicates the clear limitations of a diagnosis based exclusively on serology, geographical occurrence, clinical symptoms and anamnestic data. This finding has important implications for Global Public Health Systems, including paradigm changes regarding the location of endemic outbreaks, clinical aspects and transmission of this neglected disease.
- Klíčová slova
- Bejel, Cuba, Diagnosis, Molecular typing, Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- molekulární typizace MeSH
- syfilis epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Treponema pallidum klasifikace genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kuba epidemiologie MeSH
Two new species of the genus Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 collected from hygropetric habitats in eastern Cuba are described: Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) blancae sp. nov. from the Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountain range, and Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) matthiasi sp. nov. from the Sierra Maestra mountain range. Both species, especially the latter, are closely related to Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) franklyni Deler-Hernández & Delgado, 2012. Diagnostic characters for both new species are provided and illustrated; habitat information and distributional data are also included. An updated key to Cuban species of Hydraena is provided. With this study, the number of species of Hydraena known from Cuba raises to six.
Preimaginal stages of the six species of Hydraenidae presently known from Cuba were obtained by rearing adults in the laboratory. Eggs of Hydraena perkinsi Spangler, 1980, H. decui Spangler, 1980 and H. franklyni Deler-Hernández & Delgado, 2012 are described and illustrated for the first time. The first instar larva of Gymnochthebius fossatus (LeConte, 1855) is redescribed, adding some new remarkable morphological characters including what could be the first abdominal egg-burster reported for this family. All larval instars of H. perkinsi, H. guadelupensis Orchymont, 1923 and Ochthebius attritus LeConte, 1878 are described and illustrated for the first time, with a special emphasis on their chaetotaxy. The second instar larva of G. fossatus along with first and third instar larvae of H. decui and H. franklyni are also studied for the first time. The pupal morphology and vestiture of a species belonging to the genus Hydraena are described for the first time, based on the pupa of H. perkinsi. Biological notes for several preimaginal stages of the studied species are also given.
Three new species of chigger mites, Eutrombicula cubensis sp. n. and E. anguliscuta sp. n. from lizards and bats, and E. leiocephali sp. n. from lizards, are described. One species, E. lipovskyana (Wolfenbarger, 1953), is recorded for the first time in Cuba. Data on distribution of E. alfreddugesi (Oudemans, 1910) in Cuba are reported.
- MeSH
- Chiroptera parazitologie MeSH
- ještěři parazitologie MeSH
- Trombiculidae anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kuba MeSH
A total of 73 strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from humans (24 strains) animals (21 strains) and aquatic environment (28 strains) were determined for their O:H serotype and susceptibility to 18 anti-microbial substances and to the vibriostatic agent O/129. Of all strains, 86.3% were typeable by the O and 94.5% by the H anti-sera used. The serotype distribution was heterogeneous within a country and between the countries. Of the 57 different serotypes identified, O11:H2 (2 strains), O22:H3 (4 strains), O35:HH11 (2 strains), O52:H3 (2 strains) and O90:H6 (2 strains) were found among isolates from humans and animals (mainly in cats) in Finland and Cuba, and O23:H1a1b (3 strains) among isolates from environmental sources in Slovak Republic and Italy. Most (93-100%) of all strains were susceptible to all anti-microbials tested but resistant (92-96%) to the broad-spectrum penicillins (ampicillin, mezlocillin). No correlation between anti-microbial resistance patterns and serotypes was found.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- gramnegativní bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mikrobiologie vody * MeSH
- nemoci koček mikrobiologie MeSH
- O-antigeny izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Plesiomonas klasifikace účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- sérotypizace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Finsko MeSH
- Kuba MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- O-antigeny MeSH
Two new species of chigger mites, Hyponeoculta monocoxalae sp. n. from bats and reptiles, and Perares nudosetosus sp. n. from bats, are described. The first finding of larvae of Tectumpilosum negreai Feider, 1983 in nature is reported from a bat collected at the type locality, and the description of this species is emended. Four species, Perates monops (Brennan et Jones, 1960), Parasecia manueli (Brennan et Jones, 1960), Beamerella acutascuta Brennan, 1958, and Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch et Fauran, 1956), are recorded for the first time in Cuba and on new host species.
- MeSH
- Chiroptera parazitologie MeSH
- infestace roztoči parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- leguáni parazitologie MeSH
- plazi parazitologie MeSH
- Trombiculidae anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kuba MeSH
