BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) represents the second most common hematological malignancy characterized by the infiltration of the bone marrow by plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin. While the quality and length of life of MM patients have significantly increased, MM remains a hard-to-treat disease; almost all patients relapse. As MM is highly heterogenous, patients relapse at different times. It is currently not possible to predict when relapse will occur; numerous studies investigating the dysregulation of non-coding RNA molecules in cancer suggest that microRNAs could be good markers of relapse. RESULTS: Using small RNA sequencing, we profiled microRNA expression in peripheral blood in three groups of MM patients who relapsed at different intervals. In total, 24 microRNAs were significantly dysregulated among analyzed subgroups. Independent validation by RT-qPCR confirmed changed levels of miR-598-3p in MM patients with different times to relapse. At the same time, differences in the mass spectra between groups were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. All results were analyzed by machine learning. CONCLUSION: Mass spectrometry coupled with machine learning shows potential as a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective preliminary screening technique to supplement current diagnostics.

• Klíčová slova
• Liquid biopsy, MALDI-TOF MS, Machine learning, Multiple myeloma, Relapse, Small RNA seq, microRNA,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematooncological disease of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. While new treatment brought unprecedented increase of survival of patients, MM pathogenesis is yet to be clarified. Increasing evidence of expression of long non-coding RNA molecules (lncRNA) linked to development and progression of many tumors suggested their important role in tumorigenesis. To date, over 15,000 lncRNA molecules characterized by diversity of function and specificity of cell distribution were identified in the human genome. Due to their involvement in proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and differentiation, they have a key role in the biological processes and pathogenesis of many diseases, including MM. This review summarizes current knowledge of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), especially lncRNAs, and their role in MM pathogenesis. Undeniable involvement of lncRNAs in MM development suggests their potential as biomarkers.

• Klíčová slova
• biomarker, long non-coding RNAs, multiple myeloma,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH