BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) represents the second most common hematological malignancy characterized by the infiltration of the bone marrow by plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin. While the quality and length of life of MM patients have significantly increased, MM remains a hard-to-treat disease; almost all patients relapse. As MM is highly heterogenous, patients relapse at different times. It is currently not possible to predict when relapse will occur; numerous studies investigating the dysregulation of non-coding RNA molecules in cancer suggest that microRNAs could be good markers of relapse. RESULTS: Using small RNA sequencing, we profiled microRNA expression in peripheral blood in three groups of MM patients who relapsed at different intervals. In total, 24 microRNAs were significantly dysregulated among analyzed subgroups. Independent validation by RT-qPCR confirmed changed levels of miR-598-3p in MM patients with different times to relapse. At the same time, differences in the mass spectra between groups were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. All results were analyzed by machine learning. CONCLUSION: Mass spectrometry coupled with machine learning shows potential as a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective preliminary screening technique to supplement current diagnostics.

Babak Myeloma Group Department of Pathophysiology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Centre for Molecular Medicine Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Clinical Hematology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic

Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic

International Clinical Research Center St Anne's University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic

Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic

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