Most cited article - PubMed ID 31297050
P2X2 Receptor Expression and Function Is Upregulated in the Rat Supraoptic Nucleus Stimulated Through Refeeding After Fasting
Purinergic P2X receptors (P2X) are ATP-gated ion channels that are broadly expressed in the brain, particularly in the hypothalamus. As ionic channels with high permeability to calcium, P2X play an important and active role in neural functions. The hypothalamus contains a number of small nuclei with many molecularly defined types of peptidergic neurons that affect a wide range of physiological functions, including water balance, blood pressure, metabolism, food intake, circadian rhythm, childbirth and breastfeeding, growth, stress, body temperature, and multiple behaviors. P2X are expressed in hypothalamic neurons, astrocytes, tanycytes, and microvessels. This review focuses on cell-type specific expression of P2X in the most important hypothalamic nuclei, such as the supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN), arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA).> The review also notes the possible role of P2X and extracellular ATP in specific hypothalamic functions. The literature summarized here shows that purinergic signaling is involved in the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine system, the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system, the circadian systems and nonendocrine hypothalamic functions.
- Keywords
- P2X, arcuate nucleus (ARC), extracellular ATP, hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), supraoptic nucleus (SON),
- MeSH
- Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism MeSH
- Astrocytes metabolism MeSH
- Hypothalamus * metabolism cytology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neurons metabolism MeSH
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X * metabolism genetics MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Adenosine Triphosphate MeSH
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X * MeSH
