Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical known to modulate plant metabolism through crosstalk with phytohormones (especially ABA, SA, JA, and ethylene) and other signaling molecules (ROS, H2S, melatonin), and to regulate gene expression (by influencing DNA methylation and histone acetylation) as well as protein function through post-translational modifications (cysteine S-nitrosation, metal nitrosation, tyrosine nitration, nitroalkylation). Recently, NO has gained attention as a molecule promoting crop resistance to stress conditions. Herein, we review innovations from the NO field and nanotechnology on an up-to-date phytopathological background.

• Klíčová slova
• nanomaterials, nitric oxide, phytopathogens, plant immunity, stress signaling,
• MeSH
• nemoci rostlin * MeSH
• oxid dusnatý * metabolismus   MeSH
• posttranslační úpravy proteinů MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• rostliny * metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• oxid dusnatý * MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for life and are involved in the regulation of almost all biological processes. ROS production is critical for plant development, response to abiotic stresses and immune responses. Here, we focus on recent discoveries in ROS biology emphasizing abiotic and biotic stress responses. Recent advancements have resulted in the identification of one of the first sensors for extracellular ROS and highlighted waves of ROS production during stress signalling in Arabidopsis. Enzymes that produce ROS, including NADPH oxidases, exhibit precise regulation through diverse post-translational modifications. Discoveries highlight the importance of both amino- and carboxy-terminal regulation of NADPH oxidases through protein phosphorylation and cysteine oxidation. Here, we discuss advancements in ROS compartmentalization, systemic ROS waves, ROS sensing and post-translational modification of ROS-producing enzymes and identify areas where foundational gaps remain.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis enzymologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• fyziologický stres * MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH