In the present study, the effect of polycyclic musk compound tonalide (AHTN) in two concentrations was studied in male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792). A feeding trial was conducted with AHTN incorporated into feed granules. One concentration was environmentally relevant (854 µg/kg); the second one was 10× higher (8699 µg/kg). The fish were fed twice a day with the amount of feed at 1 % of their body weight. After an acclimatization period, the experimental phase in duration of six weeks followed. At the end of the experiment, fish were sampled and the biometrical data were recorded. Subsequently, hematological and biochemical tests, histopathological examination, analysis of oxidative stress markers and evaluation of endocrine disruption using plasma vitellogenin were performed. In conclusion, an increase of hematocrit for both AHTN concentrations was found, but no significant changes were observed in biochemical profile. Moreover, AHTN caused lipid peroxidation in caudal kidney tissue, which was confirmed by histopathological images. The long-lasting AHTN exposure could thus be harmful for maintaining homeostasis in the rainbow trout organism. However, the vitellogenin concentration seemed not to be affected by AHTN.

• MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory toxicita   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné mononenasycené toxicita   MeSH
• ledviny účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• Oncorhynchus mykiss krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• rybí proteiny krev   MeSH
• tetrahydronaftaleny toxicita   MeSH
• vitelogeniny krev   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• žábry účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetyl methyl tetramethyl tetralin MeSH Prohlížeč
• endokrinní disruptory MeSH
• kyseliny mastné mononenasycené MeSH
• musk MeSH Prohlížeč
• rybí proteiny MeSH
• tetrahydronaftaleny MeSH
• vitelogeniny MeSH

The consumption of herbal-based supplements, which are believed to have beneficial effects on human health with no side effects, has become popular around the world and this trend is still increasing. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, commonly known as milk thistle (MT), is the most commonly studied herb associated with the treatment of liver diseases. The hepatoprotective effects of active substances in silymarin, with silybin being the main compound, have been demonstrated in many studies. However, MT can be affected by toxigenic micro-fungi and contaminated by mycotoxins with adverse effects. The beneficial effect of silymarin can thus be reduced or totally antagonized by mycotoxins. MT has proven to be affected by micro-fungi of the Fusarium and Alternaria genera, in particular, and their mycotoxins. Alternariol-methyl-ether (AME), alternariol (AOH), beauvericin (BEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), enniatin A (ENNA), enniatin A1 (ENNA1), enniatin B (ENNB), enniatin B1 (ENNB1), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), T-2 toxin (T-2), tentoxin (TEN), and zearalenone (ZEA) seem to be most significant in MT-based dietary supplements. This review focuses on summarizing cases of mycotoxins in MT to emphasize the need for strict monitoring and regulation, as mycotoxins in relation with MT-based dietary supplements are not covered by European Union legislation.

• Klíčová slova
• food supplements, liver diseases, milk thistle, mycotoxins, silymarin,
• MeSH
• Evropská unie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mykotoxiny škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• ostropestřec mariánský škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• potravní doplňky škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mykotoxiny MeSH