BACKGROUND: Questionnaires remain the most feasible method for large-scale physical activity (PA) surveillance. However, previous systematic reviews concluded that existing questionnaires had unsatisfactory psychometric properties. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to summarize and evaluate the measurement properties of self- and proxy-reported physical activity (PA) measures in children and adolescents published between 2018 and July 2024, thereby updating a previous review. This review also aimed to recommend the best available questionnaire(s) for young children (age < 6 years), children (age ≥ 6 to < 12 years), and adolescents (age ≥ 12 to < 18 years). METHODS: The COnsensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Guidelines for Systematic Reviews of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures were followed for conducting and reporting this systematic review. PubMed, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for papers published between 2018 and July 2024. The peer-reviewed papers were included if published in Arabic, Chinese, Czech, English, French, Hindi, Nepali, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish or Thai and assessed at least one of the measurement properties of self- or proxy-reported PA measures in young children, children, and adolescents. Papers were excluded if they measured PA with interview or diary or reported construct validity against non-PA measures (e.g., body mass index). The results of studies from the previous systematic review that reported test-retest reliability and construct validity of the questionnaires included in this systematic review were added to the pooled qualitative analyses and meta-analyses. RESULTS: A total of 106 papers were included which reported 177 studies related to content validity (n = 31), construct validity including hypotheses testing (n = 80), test-retest reliability (n = 65), and responsiveness (n = 1) of 71 questionnaires. None of the included questionnaires met the COSMIN criteria for sufficient content validity. Questionnaires with satisfactory construct validity (correlation r ≥ 0.4) were found in young children (n = 2; e.g., the Outdoor Playtime Recall), children (n = 2; e.g., Self-rating Scale of Physical Activity Intensity for Preschool Children), and adolescents (n = 8; e.g., the Spanish version of Physical Activity Unit 7 Item Screener, the Czech version of Youth Activity Profile). Questionnaires with sufficient test-retest reliability (≥ 0.7) were found in young children (n = 2; e.g., the Movement Behaviour Questionnaire for Baby and Children), children (n = 3; e.g., Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors in the Feel4Diabetes Study), and adolescents (n = 5; e.g., the 24-Hour Movement Behavior Questionnaire). The Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children and Adolescents had sufficient test-retest reliability based on pooled qualitative analysis and meta-analyses. The best available questionnaires were the Outdoor Playtime Recall (for young children) and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and Adolescents for children and adolescents. CONCLUSION: This systematic review update did not identify a PA questionnaire that met COSMIN standards for both construct validity and test-retest reliability, partly due to the low methodological quality of the studies. Researchers should improve the methodological rigor of future psychometric studies, particularly for content validity, by adopting standardized guidelines (e.g., COSMIN). We also recommend: (1) using comparator tools that have demonstrated reliable measurement properties in populations similar to the target group; (2) formulating hypotheses in advance to confirm construct validity; (3) selecting appropriate intervals between test and retest and ensuring consistent test conditions; and (4) providing evidence of PA stability between test and retest. Lastly, when developing questionnaires to measure total PA, researchers should include all relevant domains of PA and assess their relevance during the content validation process.

• MeSH
• Exercise * psychology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires standards   MeSH
• Psychometrics * MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Self Report MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Systematic Review MeSH

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The second edition of the Czech Republic's Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth was released in 2022. This paper describes the development of the Report Card and presents a comprehensive summary of the main findings. METHODS: The multi-level search strategy was developed by the national expert panel to identify the available sources that provide data related to the physical activity of Czech children and adolescents. The data were used to assign grades to ten core and two additional indicators. RESULTS: A total of 28 sources provided data that allowed grades to be assigned to 11 out of the 12 indicators. Grade B was assigned to six indicators (School: B+, Community and Environment: B, Organized Sport and Physical Activity: B-, Active Transportation: B-, Family and Peers: B-, Sleep: B-), grade C to three indicators (Overall Physical Activity: C+, Active Play: C, Physical Literacy: C), and grade D to two indicators (Government: D+, Sedentary Behaviors: D). No grade for the "Physical Fitness" indicator could be assigned due to a lack of data collected in the reference period 2018-2019. CONCLUSIONS: Although the family, school, and built environment provided a variety of opportunities to be physically active, a high proportion of children and adolescents did not meet the current physical activity guideline and were exposed to excessive sedentary behavior. A multisectoral and multidisciplinary response is required to reduce the health and economic burden of physical inactivity and excessive sedentary behavior among Czech children and adolescents.

• Keywords
• Environmental determinants, Physical fitness, Sedentary behavior, Sleep, Social determinants, Sports,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and related restrictions (closed schools and sports centers, social isolation, masks) may have a negative impact on children's health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity (PA) of Czech children during COVID-19 in autumn 2020. METHODS: Ninety-eight Czech children (mean age = 10.1 ± 1.47 years) completed the standardized Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Czech Children (PAQ-C/cz) during COVID lockdown. Data were compared with previously published norms. Thirty-five children also reported daily number of steps measured by accelerometers. RESULTS: Total PAQ-C score was 0.38 lower during COVID compared to Pre-COVID [t(302) = 5.118., p < .001]. The male PAQ-C total score was 0.37 lower [t(146) = 3.21., p = .002)] and the female total score was 0.39 lower [t(154) = 3.97., p < .001] during COVID compared to Pre-COVID. Specifically, responses of PA during spare time, before-school, physical education (PE), and recess were significantly lower during COVID. The average number of steps was 7.767 steps/day (boys = 9.255; girls = 6.982). CONCLUSION: COVID lockdown resulted in significant reduction of PA in Czech children. Strategies to promote adequate PA of children during the pandemic need to be determined.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• Exercise physiology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH