INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated comorbidities correspond to female infertility by many interrelated mechanisms. Yet most prior research focuses only on ovary dysfunction. Our work evaluates literature mechanisms of DM-induced uterine tube and endometrial dysfunction, corresponding impacts on female fertility, and potential evidence-based intervention targets. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review (mapping review) follows the Joanna Briggs Institute (Manual for Evidence Synthesis, 2020 version). After identifying the research questions, we conducted a comprehensive search across four electronic databases by entering the keyword "diabetes", with a combination with other keywords as the uterus, endometrium, uterine/Fallopian tube, infertility and embryo implantation. We excluded manuscripts that address the issue of gestational diabetes. Most of these studies were in animals. RESULTS: There is compelling evidence for connecting DM with uterine tube infertility via endometriosis, thyroid dysfunction, and susceptibility to infectious disease. DM damages the endometrium before pregnancy via glucose toxicity, lesions, excessive immune activity, and other mechanisms. DM also hinders endometrium receptivity and embryo-endometrium crosstalk, such as through disrupted endometrium glucose homeostasis. We also hypothesize how DM may affect the function of immune cells in uterine tube and uterus, including changes in the number and types of cells of innate and acquired immunity, disrupting immunological barrier in uterine tube, alterations in formation of neutrophil extracellular traps or polarization of macrophages. DISCUSSION: We discuss evidence for clinical practice in terms of glycaemic control, lifestyle modifications, and medical interventions. For example, there is currently substantial evidence from rodent models for using metformin for increase in endometrial thickness, number of stromal cells and blood vessels and restoration of normal endometrial architecture, and bariatric surgery for recruitment of protective immune cell types to the endometrium. We also briefly highlight the future prospects of stem cells, artificial intelligence, and other new approaches for managing DM-associated female infertility. Further studies are necessary for optimizing female reproductive outcomes.

• Klíčová slova
• diabetes mellitus, embryo-endometrium crosstalk, endometrial immune cell, endometrial receptivity, hyperglycaemia, hypothyroidism, infertility, tubal infertility,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Histological terminology of the female genital organs is currently a part of the internationally accepted nomenclature Terminologia Histologica (TH), the latest edition of which dates back to 2008. Many new discoveries have been documented within 16 years since then, and many discrepancies have been found. This paper aims to revise the terminology from clinical and educational perspectives comprehensively. The authors thoroughly searched the current edition of "Terminologia Histologica: International Terms for Human Cytology and Histology," focusing on missing and controversial terms in the chapter Female genital system. The authors identified six controversial and ambiguous terms and four missing important histological terms. The authors also discussed the addition of less used eponymic terms in the histological description of female genital organs like Hamperl cells, Popescu cells, Kroemer lacunae, Balbiani bodies, Call-Exner bodies, membrane of Slavianski, nabothian cysts, or anogenital sweat glands of van der Putte. We expect the second and revised edition of the TH to be published soon and hope that the Federative International Program on Anatomical Terminology will approve and incorporate all these propositions and suggestions. We also strongly recommend using the official internationally accepted Latin and English histological nomenclature-the TH, either in oral or written form, both in theoretical and clinical medicine.

• Klíčová slova
• Eponyms, Female genital system, Histological controversies, Ovarian follicles, Telocytes, Terminologia Histologica, Tubal lymphatic lacunae, Uterine NK cells,
• MeSH
• anatomie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• terminologie jako téma * MeSH
• ženské pohlavní orgány * anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The uterine tube, as well as other parts of the upper female reproductive system, is immunologically unique in its requirements for tolerance to allogenic sperm and semi-allogenic embryos, yet responds to an array of sexually transmitted pathogens. To understand this dichotomy, there is a need to understand the functional morphology of immune cells in the wall of the uterine tube. Thus, we reviewed scientific literature regarding immune cells and the human uterine tube by using the scientific databases. The human uterine tube has a diverse population of immunocompetent cells representing both the innate and adaptive immune systems. We describe in detail the possible roles of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (macrophages and dendritic cells), T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, neutrophils and mast cells in association with the reproductive functions of uterine tubes. We are also discussing about the possible "immune privilege" of the uterine tube, as another mechanism to tolerate sperm and embryo without eliciting an inflammatory immune response. In uterine tube is not present an anatomical blood-tissue barrier between antigens and circulation. However, the immune cells of the uterine tube probably represent a type of "immunological barrier," which probably includes the uterine tube among the immunologically privileged organs. Understanding how immune cells in the female reproductive tract play roles in reproduction is essential to understand not only the mechanisms of gamete transport and fertilization as well as embryo transport through the uterine tube, but also in improving results from assisted reproduction.

• Klíčová slova
• B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte, dendritic cell, fertility, macrophage, mast cell, natural killer cell, uterine tube,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH