Work stress has been extensively supported to predict health outcomes like health behaviors. Evidence has linked work stress and personality independently to health, but the interrelationships between work stress and personality and their joint effects on health might deserve more attention in research. This study attempts to integrate recent developments in psychological research (diverse roles of personality in stress processes) into the well-established Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model for work stress. Based on the ERI model, this population-based cohort study aims to investigate the relationships between work stress, personality and alcohol consumption; it particularly focuses on potential roles of overcommitment (OC) personality in ERI-drinking relations, including modifying, antecedent, mediator or direct effects. This two-wave cohort study was conducted in population samples of 3782 men and 3731 women (aged 45-69 years) from Czech Republic, Poland and Russia. Alcohol consumption was assessed by three drinking outcomes: binge drinking, heavy drinking and problem drinking. To assess modifying effect of OC in ERI-drinking relations, logistic regression was used. To assess antecedent or mediator role of OC in ERI-drinking relations, path analysis with the autoregressive and cross-lagged model was conducted. The results showed that OC had no significantly modifying effect in ERI-drinking relations. OC and ERI might have bidirectional relationships in the average follow-up period of 3.5 years; the effect of OC on ERI was remarkably stronger than the reversed causation. Antecedent role of OC in ERI-drinking relationship was significant, but mediator role of OC was not. In conclusion, our findings imply that "antecedent role" of OC in ERI-drinking relations is significant and promising as a potential target for individual intervention; future interventions are suggested to identify and target potential cognitive-behavioral mechanisms via which personality might influence work stress and subsequently health behaviors.

• Klíčová slova
• Alcohol consumption, Drinking, ERI, Effort–Reward Imbalance, Effort–Reward Imbalance, OC, Overcommitment, Overcommitment, Personality, Work stress,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In order to better understand the link between High-Performance Human Resource Practices (HPHRPs) and outcomes, this study examines the mediating roles of person-job fit (PJ fit) and person-organization fit (PO fit) using congruence theory. Through a survey questionnaire, data were gathered from 296 people who work at educational institutions in China. The results demonstrated that the association between HPHRPs and outcomes is mediated by both PJ fit and PO fit. We observed theoretical implications and discovered that HPHRPs are an important antecedent that builds congruence among employees' values and goals and organizational values and goals, as well as their job goals, which in turn prevents employees from experiencing stress and developing intentions to leave their workplace. The current study adds to extant literature on education and HPHRPs by identifying PJ fit and PO fit as mechanisms through which HPHRPs demonstrate their authority on employee outcomes. The managerial implications, limitations, and directions for future studies are included in detail at the end.

• Klíčová slova
• high-performance human resource practices, job stress, person–job fit, person–organization fit, turnover intentions,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The risk of psychological disorders influencing the health of workers increases in accordance with growing requirements on employees across various professions. This study aimed to compare approaches to the burnout syndrome in European countries. A questionnaire focusing on stress-related occupational diseases was distributed to national experts of 28 European Union countries. A total of 23 countries responded. In 9 countries (Denmark, Estonia, France, Hungary, Latvia, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia and Sweden) burnout syndrome may be acknowledged as an occupational disease. Latvia has burnout syndrome explicitly included on the List of ODs. Compensation for burnout syndrome has been awarded in Denmark, France, Latvia, Portugal and Sweden. Only in 39% of the countries a possibility to acknowledge burnout syndrome as an occupational disease exists, with most of compensated cases only occurring in recent years. New systems to collect data on suspected cases have been developed reflecting the growing recognition of the impact of the psychosocial work environment. In agreement with the EU legislation, all EU countries in the study have an action plan to prevent stress at the workplace.

• Klíčová slova
• Burnout syndrome, Compensation, Mental disorders, Occupational diseases, Prevention, Psychosocial stress,
• MeSH
• Evropská unie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci z povolání etiologie   MeSH
• odškodnění pracovníků zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• pracovní lékařství zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• pracovní stres MeSH
• profesionální vyhoření * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To examine job control, job demands, social support at work, and job strain (ratio of demands to control) in relation to risk of any dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: The population-based Study of Dementia in Swedish Twins. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred fifty-seven people with dementia (167 AD, 46 VaD) and 9,849 without. MEASUREMENTS: Dementia diagnoses were based on telephone screening for cognitive impairment followed by in-person clinical examination. An established job exposure matrix was matched to main occupation categories to measure work characteristics. RESULTS: In generalized estimating equations (adjusted for the inclusion of complete twin pairs), lower job control was associated with greater risk of any dementia (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.31) and VaD specifically (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.07-1.81). Lower social support at work was associated with greater risk of dementia (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03-1.28), AD (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.00-1.31), and VaD (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02-1.60). Greater job strain was associated with greater risk of VaD only (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02-1.60), especially in combination with low social support (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.11-1.64). Age, sex, and education were controlled for. Work complexity, manual work, and vascular disease did not explain the results. No differences in work-related stress scores were observed in the 54 twin pairs discordant for dementia, although only two pairs included a twin with VaD. CONCLUSION: Work-related stress, including low job control and low social support at work, may increase the risk of dementia, particularly VaD. Modification to work environment, including attention to social context and provision of meaningful roles for employees, may contribute to efforts to promote cognitive health.

• MeSH
• geriatrické hodnocení metody   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci u dvojčat * MeSH
• nemoci z povolání komplikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychický stres komplikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• registrace * MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vaskulární demence epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• studie na dvojčatech MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Švédsko epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial factors at work are thought to influence health partly through health behaviours. AIMS: To examine the association between effort-reward imbalance and job control and several alcohol related measures in three eastern European populations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland), and Karvina (Czech Republic). The participants completed a questionnaire that included effort-reward at work, job control, and a number of sociodemographic variables. Annual alcohol intake, annual number of drinking sessions, the mean dose of alcohol per drinking session, and binge drinking (> or =80 g of ethanol in one session at least once a week) were based on graduated frequencies in the questionnaire. Data were also available on problem drinking (> or =2 positive answers on CAGE questionnaire) and negative social consequences of drinking. All male participants in full employment (n = 694) were included in the present analyses. RESULTS: After controlling for age and centre, all indices of alcohol consumption and problem drinking were associated with the effort-reward ratio. Adjustment for material deprivation did not change the results but adjustment for depressive symptoms reduced the estimated effects. Job control was not associated with any of the alcohol related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The imbalance of effort-reward at work is associated with increased alcohol intake and problem drinking. The association appears to be partly mediated by depressive symptoms, which might be either an antecedent or a consequence of men's drinking behaviour.

• MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• odměna MeSH
• otrava alkoholem MeSH
• pití alkoholu epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• pracoviště MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zaměstnanost psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Polsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Rusko epidemiologie   MeSH

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine whether psychosocial factors at work are related to self rated health in post-communist countries. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Random samples of men and women in five communities in four countries were sent a postal questionnaire (Poland, Czech Republic and Lithuania) or were invited to an interview (Hungary). Working subjects (n=3941) reported their self rated health in the past 12 months (5 point scale), their socioeconomic circumstances, perceived control over life, and the following aspects of the psychosocial work environment: job control, job demand, job variety, social support, and effort and reward at work (to calculate a ratio of effort/reward imbalance). As the results did not differ by country, pooled analyses were performed. Odds ratios of poor or very poor health ("poor health") were estimated for a 1 SD increase in the scores of work related factors. MAIN RESULTS: The overall prevalence of poor health was 6% in men and 7% in women. After controlling for age, sex and community, all work related factors were associated with poor health (p<0.05). After further adjustment for perceived control, only two work related factors remained associated with poor health; the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 1 SD increase in the effort/reward ratio (log transformed) and job variety were 1.51 (1.29, 1.78) and 0.82 (0.73, 1.00), respectively. Further adjustment for all work related factors did not change these estimates. There were no interactions between individual work related factors, but the effects of job control and social support at work differed by marital status, and the odds ratio of job demand increased with increasing education. CONCLUSIONS: The continuous measure of effort/reward imbalance at work was a powerful determinant of self rated health in these post-communist populations. Although the cross sectional design does not allow firm conclusions as to causality, this study suggests that the effect of the psychosocial work environment is not confined to Western populations.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví MeSH
• pracoviště psychologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• zdravotní stav * MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Litva epidemiologie   MeSH
• Maďarsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Polsko epidemiologie   MeSH