OBJECTIVES: The first aim of this cross-sectional study was to reveal the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Czech military personnel (CMP). The second aim was to compare accuracy of the body mass index (BMI) classification with the body fat percentage (BF%), waist circumference (WC), and visceral fat area (VFA). BMI is a commonly used method to assess obesity, but its accuracy in reflecting body composition, especially in physically fit individuals, has been questioned. METHODS: Data were collected from six military units in the Czech Republic. Soldiers underwent anthropometric assessments including height, weight, WC, BF%, and VFA using the bioelectrical impedance method (BIA). RESULTS: The study group consisted of 446 soldiers (337 males, 109 females). The prevalence of obesity in Czech soldiers regardless of gender was 18%-20% according to BF% and 13%-16% according to WC. There were almost one fifth of obese males and more than 5% of females with BMI ≥ 30. The risk level of VFA was observed in 24% of male a 34% of female soldiers. In male soldiers there was a high rate (43%) of false positives according to BMI (BMI ≥ 25, BF% < 20), on the other hand, a certain part (18%) of female soldiers was classified as false negative according to BMI (BMI < 25, BF% ≥ 28). When overweight and obesity were assessed by WC and BMI, significant false positives (56%) were found in male soldiers (BMI ≥ 25, WC < 94). When obesity was evaluated using VFA and BMI, a certain rate of false negatives (30%) was found in female soldiers (BMI < 25, VFA ≥ 100). CONCLUSION: Through an analysis we explored the limitations of BMI, and we propose an alternative method (measurement of BF%, VFA using BIA) for a more accurate assessment of body composition in this specific population.
- Klíčová slova
- body composition, body mass index, military personnel, obesity, visceral fat,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nadváha * epidemiologie MeSH
- obezita * epidemiologie MeSH
- obvod pasu MeSH
- ozbrojené síly * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- složení těla MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Nutritional support, Organisation of health services,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obaly potravin MeSH
- ozbrojené síly * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: During otosclerosis surgery, operative trauma can lead to decreased bone conduction. AIMS: The study aims to observe the bone conduction changes after otosclerosis operations and analyse possible factors affecting the postoperative decrease in bone conduction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors retrospectively processed the data of 109 patients and evaluated pure tone audiometry before surgery and consequently 2 days, 1 month and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: We noted a deterioration of bone conduction >5 dB on the second postoperative day in 28% (30/109) of patients, which persisted one year after the surgery in 9% (10/109) cases. Analysis of individual factors affecting bone conduction loss revealed a higher risk of permanent loss of bone conduction in patients with early postoperative loss in higher frequencies, in older patients and patients with a preoperative threshold of bone conduction >20 dB. Revision surgery was not a statistically significant factor. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: The bone conduction decrease after otosclerosis surgery is usually temporary. The recovery of bone conduction is influenced by the age of patients and the level of bone conduction before the surgery. The early postoperative decrease of bone conduction in higher frequencies is a negative predictive factor for permanent hearing loss.
- Klíčová slova
- otosclerosis, sensorineural hearing loss, surgical trauma,
- MeSH
- audiometrie čistými tóny * MeSH
- chirurgie třmínku * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kostní vedení zvuku * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- otoskleróza * chirurgie patofyziologie komplikace MeSH
- percepční nedoslýchavost * etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace * etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The article deals with occupational health protection and identification of health risks in the work environment of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of the Czech Republic (CR). It focuses on the assessment of the incidence of occupational diseases (OD) in high-risk and risk-free occupational categories in the years 2010-2019 and compares them with data from the civilian sector. It identifies the differences between military staff and civilian employees of the MoD. METHODS: From the records of OD at the Department of Occupational Diseases of the Central Military Hospital in Prague, the data on acknowledged OD from the years 2010 to 2019 were obtained and then a retrospective analysis focusing on the classification of work at risk was performed. The obtained data were compared with the data from the Czech National Registry of Occupational Diseases (NROD), which are published annually by the National Institute of Public Health. RESULTS: In the years under review, 191 OD were confirmed at the area of MoD, 26% of all OD occurred in employees classified in the occupational risk category. Compared with the data in the NROD, where 50% of OD were found to have been caused by high-risk work, the incidence of OD caused by high-risk work in professional soldiers is lower. Only 1.6% of all OD occurred in professional soldiers whose work was classified as high-risk one. In civilian employees of MoD 24.6% of all OD were connected with high-risk work. On the contrary, the proportion of OD occurring in professional soldiers working in risk-free categories was 57.6%, in civilian employees of MoD was the ratio much lower - 16.2%. CONCLUSION: Work at the Ministry of Defence was not adequately categorized, therefore, in 2020 a new categorization of work was introduced, which together with preventive measures could contribute to reducing the incidence of OD at the Ministry of Defence.
- Klíčová slova
- Ministry of Defence, occupational disease, occupational health services, risk factor, work categorization,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci z povolání * epidemiologie MeSH
- ozbrojené síly * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- zaměstnání MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in University of Defence members. BACKGROUND: Vaccination is the most important method of prevention against COVID-19 and achieving sufficient vaccination rate is thus essential to maintain the military capability. METHODOLOGY: An online questionnaire was distributed electronically to 2,408 respondents in autumn 2021. The survey was designed to collect demographic predictors of vaccination, data on motivation and reasons for refusing vaccination. RESULTS: A total of 626 completed questionnaires were analyzed, of which 557 (89 %) were vaccinated and 69 (11 %) were unvaccinated respondents. The most significant predictors of vaccine acceptance were: concern about COVID-19 (OR 2.44, p < 0.001), history of COVID-19 (OR 0.39, p = 0.001). The most frequently cited motives for vaccination were health protection (74.7 %) and an easier social life (69.1 %), while concerns about vaccine safety and vaccine adverse effects (79.1 %) followed by lack of confidence in vaccine efficacy (68.7 %) were the main reasons for vaccine refusal. CONCLUSION: To increase the vaccination rate it is necessary to target the younger population and increase awareness of vaccine safety and efficacy. If these measures are not sufficient to encourage voluntary vaccine acceptance, consideration should be given to making vaccination mandatory for selected professional groups (Tab. 5, Fig. 1, Ref. 25).
- Klíčová slova
- COVID-19, vaccination, vaccination rate, vaccine refusal motivation.,
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motivace MeSH
- nemoci z povolání * epidemiologie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- odkládání očkování * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 * MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work is to compare the current prevalence of selected risk factors in cardiovascular diseases in the Czech general population in a particular region with a selected population of Czech soldiers in a particular military unit. METHODS: Within medical preventive examinations, data from 684 civilians aged between 30-60 years were obtained (405 men and 279 women). Within compulsory medical preventive examinations, data from 659 soldiers from a particular military unit aged between 30-60 years were obtained (576 men and 83 women). Anthropometric parameters such as height and body weight were monitored and then used to calculate the values of Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference. From biochemical parameters the following values were monitored: glycaemia, uric acid, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, and GGT. As for the demographic data, age and gender were processed. In the cohort of male soldiers a questionnaire was used to find the extent of cigarette smoking, frequency of using alcoholic drinks and performance of regular physical activities such as aerobic exercises. RESULTS: As for cardiovascular risk, assessed anthropometric parameters in monitored female age categories are statistically significantly lower (p < 0.05) in women in the Army of the Czech Republic (ACR) compared to the female civilian population. Most of the biochemical parameters also display values that indicate the female military population is healthier than the civilian in these parameters. On the other hand, assessed anthropometric parameters in monitored male age categories are statistically significantly lower (p < 0.001) in civilian men compared to the male military population. Most of the assessed biochemical parameters show statistically significant health-indicative values in the male civilian population as well. CONCLUSION: This work revealed differences in anthropometric and biochemical parameters between the examined civilian and military populations. As for cardiovascular risk, the main findings are significantly worse anthropometric and biochemical parameters in the selected male military cohort compared to the male civilian cohort.
- Klíčová slova
- anthropometry, cardiovascular disease, obesity, population, preventive measures,
- MeSH
- antropometrie metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
Abundant drinking of fluids at any occasion became popular in wealthy society in last decades. It is referred to asserted beneficial health effects, but rationale of these recommendations is disputed in expert environment as hardly traceable and tenable. Authors of the article analyse theoretical issues as well as empiric literary evidence for the current popular recommendation. They find them unfounded and difficult to be defended and the risks of transitive hypo-hydration overestimated. Moreover, they alert true risks of water poisoning we meet not quite rarely in common practice.
- Klíčová slova
- body water, dehydration, drinking behaviour, hyponatremia, recommended daily allowance, water-electrolyte imbalance,
- MeSH
- dehydratace * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- medicína založená na důkazech MeSH
- pití MeSH
- vodní a elektrolytová nerovnováha * MeSH
- vodní a elektrolytová rovnováha MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to describe current prevalence of selected risk factors in the Czech general population in a particular region and to compare the data with recently published results in the selected population of Czech soldiers. The work also deals with the advantages and disadvantages of methods determining overweight and obesity. METHODS: Within medical preventive examinations the data of 1,051 individuals (482 men, 569 women) were obtained. In this group anthropometric parameters such as height, body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and waist circumference were monitored. From biochemical parameters the following values were monitored: glycaemia, uric acid, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Demographic data such as age, gender and achieved education were processed. RESULTS: Average BMI values in men were in the overweight range. Monitored average BMI values in women were up to standards. Monitored anthropometric parameters significantly increased with the age of examined individuals. The highest values of BMI and waist circumference were found in the over-50 age group. Selected biochemical parameters also increased with the age of examined individuals. Education did not have significant influence on the values of selected parameters. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the values of BMI and waist circumference. The correlation coefficient in men was r = 0.804, p < 0.001, and in women r = 0.858, p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: The work confirmed differences in anthropometric parameters between the civilian and military Czech male population due to a higher muscle mass percentage in the military population. The work also confirmed the significance of further anthropometric methods in diagnostics of overweight and obesity. The number of individuals with anthropometric and biochemical parameters out of the physiological range is increasing in the over-50 age category.
- Klíčová slova
- anthropometry, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, overweight, preventive measures,
- MeSH
- antropometrie MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- demografie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- krevní glukóza analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidy krev MeSH
- nadváha epidemiologie MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie MeSH
- obvod pasu MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické markery MeSH
- krevní glukóza MeSH
- lipidy MeSH
BACKGROUND/AIM: Obesity is currently considered to be the most frequent metabolic disease worldwide, not only in developed but also in developing countries. The aim of this work was to describe the development of health status in soldiers of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic (ACR) and to emphasizethe markers of non-communicable diseases. Our study describes the anthropometric and biochemical parameters of a large group of Czech Army professional soldiers. Data were obtained over a period of 11 years. METHODS: During the monitored period, from 1999 to 2009, military physicians carried out on the average 6,360 examinations on professional soldiers per year and monitored their health and nutritional status with the aim of preventing the risk factors of non-communicable diseases. These examinations are compulsory for all professional soldiers at the age of 25, 30, 33, and 36 years. From the age of 39, these examinations are carried out every year till the end of their career. Besides taking personal histories and carrying out standard physical examinations, blood was taken for biochemical examination. The following anthropometric parameters were monitored: body constitution using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Our study describes only part of the data concerning anthropometric and biochemical parameters of professional soldiers which were obtained over a period of 11 years. RESULTS: Average BMI values in men were in the overweight range (26.5-27 kg/m2). Average values of waist circumference, however, ranged from 91.9 cm to 93.4 cm. Between the first and the last year of monitoring a statistically significant decrease in these values ranging from 93.4 ± 9.8 cm to 92.7 ± 9.5 cm (p < 0.001) was observed. All monitored anthropometric parameters in female professional soldiers were within normal limits. During the monitored period the proportion of overweight men gradually increased from 52% to 57.1% (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant changes in the prevalence of obesity in men (12-15%). Average glycaemia levels were within normal range in both men and women. A statistically significant decrease in these levels, however, was observed in men (from 5.1 ± 0.9 mmol/L to 4.8 ± 0.7 mmol/L (p < 0.001) and in women (from 4.9 ± 0.6 mmol/L to 4.6 ± 0.6 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Concerning the lipid profile in men, a significant decrease in average values of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol was observed; from 5.5 ± 1.1 mmol/L to 5.1 ± 1.0 mmol/L (p < 0.001), from 2.0 ± 1.6 mmol/L to 1.6 ± 1.2 mmol/L (p < 0.001) and from 3.4 ± 1.1 mmol/L to 3.2 ± 0.9 mmol/L (p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: During the monitored period only one-third of military professionals had normal body weight. More favorable situation was in female professional soldiers, two-thirds of them had normal body weight during the monitored period. Additionally, the increase in the number of individuals with BMI values in the overweight range was observed. Although the number of overweight soldiers was overestimated as a result of the inclusion of individuals with increased body weight due to well-developed musculature, the number of overweight and obese soldiers is still high.
- MeSH
- cholesterol metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- HDL-cholesterol metabolismus MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- krevní glukóza metabolismus MeSH
- LDL-cholesterol metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
- ozbrojené síly statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- triglyceridy metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cholesterol MeSH
- HDL-cholesterol MeSH
- krevní glukóza MeSH
- LDL-cholesterol MeSH
- triglyceridy MeSH
