10.14735/amcsnn2020194 OR Endarterektomie zevní karotické tepny Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The authors describe their own modification of carotid endarterectomy by eversion technique which they use in the case of combined stenosis and kinking of internal carotid artery. Complete division of internal carotid artery from the common carotid artery at the bulb is performed in an oblique fashion, following by excision of redundant wall. Added longitudinal incision of common carotid artery enables perfect removal of the atherosclerotic plaque. Proper posterior wall anastomosis of common and internal carotid artery in the bulb is carried out by one-way-up technique. This is an alternative to parachute technique and gives perfect view of operating field, thus decreasing the risk of technical mistake. Eversion technique of carotid endarterectomy represents an ideal operative technique in the case of carotid stenosis combined with kinking.
- MeSH
- karotická endarterektomie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stenóza arteria carotis chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The preventive effect of carotid endarterectomy in the reduction of ischemic stroke was reliably confirmed. Carotid endarterectomy may also be a curative method, but it has not been confirmed yet. In our case report we illustrate the curative effect of carotid endarterectomy in a patient after a combined embolic and hemodynamic stroke. The administration of intravenous thrombolysis did not have the expected clinical response. Neuroimaging showed ischemia and homolateral hypoperfusion of the brain hemisphere caused by critical internal carotid artery stenosis. On the 8th day after thrombolysis a carotid endarterectomy was performed with beneficial effect. Normalization of hemodynamic in the altered hemisphere was demonstrated by perfusion examination along with the clinical improvement. A curative effect of endarterectomy appears more probable in a hemodynamic ischemic stroke. For the improvement of a neuronal function the existence of penumbra is a condition. While a positive influence of hemodynamic by carotid endarterectomy is confirmed, the possibility of an increase in neuronal activity after repair of vasomotor activity is not documented. The curative effect and it's connection to the timing of the carotid endarterectomy require testing in the further studies.
- MeSH
- arteria carotis interna * MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda etiologie MeSH
- karotická endarterektomie * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozkový krevní oběh MeSH
- stenóza arteria carotis komplikace farmakoterapie patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- trombolytická terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Ocular symptoms can be the first sign of carotid artery stenosis. In our carotid endarterectomy patients group were ocular symptoms present in 15%, as the only sign (without accompanying neurological signs) in 10.5%. Amaurosis fugax was a dominant sign in 56 cases, blindness in 5, quadrantanopia in 3; trochlear and oculomotor nerve paresis in one case. Angiography finding of more than 60% ICA stenosis according NASCET criteria was an indication for surgery. The operative technique per se was a microsurgical endarterectomy with selective peroperative shunt application. The 30-d morbidity was 3%--with one case of central retinal artery embolization and subsequent blindness and another case of major residual neurological deficit due to hyperperfusion syndrome and the resultant capsular hemorrhage. Shunt was applied in 3% of cases and microscope was used always since the beginning of the dissection up to the final suture. Considering low perioperative morbidity/mortality rates the carotid endarterectomy represents an important means of brain ischaemia profylaxis. In the process of hemodynamically significant ICA stenosis, indication for surgical management the authors emphasize the role of ocular signs and symptoms and thus the importance of an ophthalmology consultant.
- MeSH
- amaurosis fugax etiologie MeSH
- hemianopsie etiologie MeSH
- karotická endarterektomie * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrochirurgie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- slepota etiologie MeSH
- stenóza arteria carotis komplikace diagnóza chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The authors describe their own modified eversion technique of the carotid endarterectomy, which they began to carry out in the surgical clinic in Pilsen in 2002. A perfect endarterectomy of the bulbus and of the common carotid is the main advantage of this modified technique, when compared to the classical eversion technique. Later on, the authors learned from the literature that the technique was not entirely new, but a similar technique of the carotid endarterectomy had been used more than 30 years ago, already.
- MeSH
- karotická endarterektomie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stenóza arteria carotis chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
AIM OF STUDY: To demonstrate the benefit of peroperative electrophysiological monitoring and neuroprotection in cardiac surgery that makes use a cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with a high risk of stroke and to analyze the importance of prophylactic carotid endarterectomy. BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemia is the most dreaded complication of cardiovascular operations that make use of a cardiopulmonary bypass. It is necessary to select an approach that minimalizes neurological complications. In our treatment strategy we use preoperative electrophysiological monitoring and neuroprotection. Prophylactic carotid endarterectomy performed as part of a combined operation we performed in patients with a high risk of hemodynamic stroke. METHOD: We retrospectively evaluated 86 patients (2004-2008) after cardiac surgery that made use of a cardiopulmonary bypass and synchronous electrophysiological neuromonitoring. After any decrease in neuronal function neuroprotection was used. Combined carotid and cardiac operations were performed under one general anestesia in ten patients with a high risk of hemodynamic stroke. RESULTS: A peroperative decline in electrophysiological responses was noted in 76.5%, of these 54.5% were insignificant alterations, 42.4% significant and in two cases there was a total deletion. After administration of neuroprotection electrophysiological responses partially normalized in 14%, totally normalized in 60% and did not change in 26%. Only one permanent stroke and four temporary encephalopathy were identified after surgery. No morbidity/mortality were detected after combined operations. CONCLUSION: Peroperative electrophysiological neuromonitoring combined with neuroprotection eliminate cerebral ischemic complications in cardiac surgery that makes use of a cardiopulmonary bypass. Selected patients with high risk of hemodynamic stroke profit from carotid endarterectomy.
- MeSH
- arteria carotis interna MeSH
- ischemie mozku etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- karotická endarterektomie * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- peroperační monitorování * MeSH
- peroperační péče * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stenóza arteria carotis komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Atherosclerosis of carotid artery, resulting in stenosis is a common cause of cerebral ischaemia. Ischaemic stroke is cause of death in 10% of patients and the leading cause of disability in adults. The risk of stroke increases with the degree of stenosis. The diagnosis of the degree of stenosis is performed by duplex sonography, MR-angiography, CT-angiography and conventional angiography. Carotid endarterectomy is a method of choice in the treatment in the case of high-grade carotid stenosis. The operation was introduced in 1953. Either regional or general anaesthesia is used for the operation. The different monitoring techniques are used for assessment of the need for shunting. Microsurgical technique enables perfect endarterectomy and fine arterial repair without need for patch grafting. Other techniques of the treatment for carotid stenosis, including carotid angioplasty with or without stenting are subject to the evaluation. Carotid endarterectomy is now the method of choice in the treatment of high-grade carotid stenosis.
- MeSH
- karotická endarterektomie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci arterie carotis diagnóza chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Stroke is the third most common cause of mortality, and carotid artery stenosis causes up to 30% of all ischemic strokes. Eversion CEA (ECEA) has been proposed as an acceptable alternative to the standard bifurcation endarterectomy in many patients. This study was designed to analyze the long-term durability of ECEA in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Data were retrospectively reviewed to determine the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within 30 days of surgery, late survival, and the incidence of restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 1999 to June 2010, 344 ECEAs were performed on 324 patients (34% female, 38% symptomatic). The mean follow-up period was 30 months. CONCLUSIONS: MACEs occurred in 28 patients (8.6%). The overall incidence of stroke or death after ECEA was 1.7% and 0.9% at discharge. The overall incidence of stoke or death after CEA was 4.3% and 21% (14 strokes, 69 deaths, 8 of which were stroke-related). The overall occurrence of any restenosis (> 50%) after CEA was 4.3% (14 of 324 procedures).
- MeSH
- arteria carotis interna * MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda MeSH
- karotická endarterektomie škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stenóza arteria carotis komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Basic treatment of patients with carotid stenosis is a permanent complex treatment (lowering of risk factors of atherosclerosis, antiplatelets treatment and the potential use of the inhibitor of angiotensive converting enzyme). Symptomatic stenosis (over 85% in European classification of arteriography) are indicated for the surgery. In smaller stenoses (75-85%), only selected patients are indicated for such treatment. Surgery in asymptomatic stenoses over 75% should be done in strictly indicated cases only. Operation should be performed at clinics with sufficient experience only. In cases without preoperative angiography, indication for surgery should be based on duplex sonography and some other non-invasive method. Endovascular treatment by primary stent is indicated for the most serious cases at the best clinics.
- MeSH
- karotická endarterektomie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stenóza arteria carotis diagnóza chirurgie MeSH
- stenty MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Diagnosis and treatment of carotid stenosis is under incessant development. Especially in last years, we have noticed significant changes in opinions based on the results of meta-analyses of old evidence and the new evidence as well. Important factor involved is the fast development of new endovascular therapies. In reaction to these changes, several medical societies published their guidelines for the management of carotid stenosis. Even though, all of them are based practically on the same published medical evidence, they are not always similar in recommendations. The aim of our work was to summarize actual recommendations regarding management of carotid stenosis. The management of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients is being discussed separately where appropriate because these two groups of patients are very different. The recommendations for selection of type of intervention between carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting were covered in detail as well.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DSA (digital subtraction angiography) is the gold standard for measuring carotid artery stenosis (CS). Yet, the correlation between DSA and stenosis is not well documented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We compared CS as measured by DSA to carotid artery specimens obtained from carotid endarterectomy surgery. Patients were divided into three groups according to NASCET criteria (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial): stenosis of 30-49% (mild), stenosis of 50-69% (moderate), and stenosis of 70-99% (severe). RESULTS: This prospective cohort study involved 644 patients. The mean stenosis in the mild stenosis group (n = 128 patients) was 54% ECST (European Carotid Surgery Trial), 40% NASCET, and 72% ESs (endarterectomy specimens). The mean absolute difference between ECST and NASCET was 14%. The mean stenosis in the moderate stenosis group (n = 347 patients) was 66% ECST, 60% NASCET, and 77% ES. The mean absolute difference between ECST and NASCET was 6%. The mean stenosis in the severe group (n = 169 patients) was 80% ECST, 76% NASCET, and 79% ES. No significant correlation coefficients were found between DSA and ES methods. In the mild group, the CC was 0.16 (ESCT) and 0.13 (NASCET); in the moderate group, the CC was 0.05 (ESCT) and 0.01 (NASCET); and in the severe group, the CC was 0.23 (ESCT) and 0.10 (NASCET). For all groups combined, CC was 0.22 for the ECST and 0.20 for the NASCET method. CONCLUSION: The relationship between DSA and ES methods to measure CS is almost random. This lack of a relationship between the DSA and ES techniques questions the validity of current DSA-based guidelines.
- Klíčová slova
- Angiography, Atherosclerosis, Carotid artery, Digital subtraction, Endarterectomy, Stroke,
- MeSH
- arteria carotis interna chirurgie MeSH
- digitální subtrakční angiografie MeSH
- karotická endarterektomie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- stenóza arteria carotis * diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- stenóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
