The dynamics of nuclear morphology changes during apoptosis remains poorly investigated and understood. Using 3D time-lapse confocal microscopy we performed a study of early-stage apoptotic nuclear morphological changes induced by etoposide in single living HepG2 cells. These observations provide a definitive evidence that nuclear apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) is occurring simultaneously with peripheral chromatin condensation (so called "apoptotic ring"). In order to describe quantitatively the dynamics of nuclear morphological changes in the early stage of apoptosis we suggest a general molecular kinetic model, which fits well the obtained experimental data in our study. Results of this work may clarify molecular mechanisms of nuclear morphology changes during apoptosis.

• Klíčová slova
• 3D time lapsed confocal microscopy, Apoptosis, Apoptotic ring, Chromatin condensation, Kinetics, Live cell analysis, Mathematical modeling, Nuclear volume decrease,
• MeSH
• analýza jednotlivých buněk metody   MeSH
• apoptóza fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčné jádro fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• buňky Hep G2 MeSH
• časosběrné zobrazování metody   MeSH
• chromatin chemie   metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sbalení DNA MeSH
• teoretické modely * MeSH
• velikost organel fyziologie   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chromatin MeSH

Mitosis and cytokinesis are fundamental processes through which somatic cells increase their numbers and allow plant growth and development. Here, we analyzed the organization and dynamics of mitotic chromosomes, nucleoli, and microtubules in living cells of barley root primary meristems using a series of newly developed stable fluorescent protein translational fusion lines and time-lapse confocal microscopy. The median duration of mitosis from prophase until the end of telophase was 65.2 and 78.2 min until the end of cytokinesis. We showed that barley chromosomes frequently start condensation before mitotic pre-prophase as defined by the organization of microtubules and maintain it even after entering into the new interphase. Furthermore, we found that the process of chromosome condensation does not finish at metaphase, but gradually continues until the end of mitosis. In summary, our study features resources for in vivo analysis of barley nuclei and chromosomes and their dynamics during mitotic cell cycle.

• Klíčová slova
• Hordeum vulgare, 3D nuclear organization, barley, chromatin, chromosomes, confocal microscopy, crops, live imaging, microtubules, mitosis,
• MeSH
• buněčné jádro MeSH
• chromozomy MeSH
• ječmen (rod) * genetika   MeSH
• mikrotubuly MeSH
• mitóza MeSH
• profáze MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH