BACKGROUND: To be a "good doctor" and have "good medical practices" are apparent goals for both medical students and medical faculties. However, the associated implicit and explicit standards could be a source of distress in the form of pressure to achieve professionalism. Self-compassion has been identified as a transtherapeutic factor that plays a crucial role in developing and maintaining mental health. It seems to be an essential meta-skill to learn, especially for medical students who often perceive imperfection as failure. In this pilot study, we investigated the qualities that medical students attribute to the "good doctor" concept, how they perceive themselves compared to this concept, and whether any possible discrepancy between these two perspectives could be associated with self-compassion. METHODS: Altogether, 301 medical students participated in the study (mean age 22.3 ± 2.1; 71.8 % female). The discrepancy between concepts was measured by a semantic differential consisting of a list of 36 adjectives and antonyms that students repeatedly mentioned in courses in their responses to the question "What should a doctor be like?" Self-compassion was measured by the Self-Compassion Scale. RESULTS: The obtained results offer an insight into students' conceptualization of a "good doctor" and the hierarchy of given characteristics. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between the discrepancy between the "ideal" doctor concept vs. actual self-perception and Self-Compassion Scale scores. The more students are compassionate to themselves, the lower the discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS: The current pilot study supports the hypothesis that student self-compassion could play some role in the degree of discrepancy between the ideal "good doctor" image and student self-concept. This result could support the importance of educational interventions developing self-compassion for medical students. The proposed discrepancy measurement could also be a tool for measuring the effect of well-being programs aimed at self-compassion in medical students.

• Klíčová slova
• Good medical practice, Medical students, Professionalism, Self-compassion,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• empatie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• profesionalita MeSH
• studenti lékařství * MeSH
• učení MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A Good Practice is a practice that works well, produces good results, and is recommended as a model. MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel Network (MASK), the new Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative, is an example of a Good Practice focusing on the implementation of multi-sectoral care pathways using emerging technologies with real life data in rhinitis and asthma multi-morbidity. The European Union Joint Action on Chronic Diseases and Promoting Healthy Ageing across the Life Cycle (JA-CHRODIS) has developed a checklist of 28 items for the evaluation of Good Practices. SUNFRAIL (Reference Sites Network for Prevention and Care of Frailty and Chronic Conditions in community dwelling persons of EU Countries), a European Union project, assessed whether MASK is in line with the 28 items of JA-CHRODIS. A short summary was proposed for each item and 18 experts, all members of ARIA and SUNFRAIL from 12 countries, assessed the 28 items using a Survey Monkey-based questionnaire. A visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 (strongly disagree) to 100 (strongly agree) was used. Agreement equal or over 75% was observed for 14 items (50%). MASK is following the JA-CHRODIS recommendations for the evaluation of Good Practices.

• Klíčová slova
• ARIA, Asthma, CHRODIS, Good Practices, MASK, Rhinitis, Sunfrail,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• biologické markery * MeSH
• cílená molekulární terapie metody   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• objevování léků * metody   trendy   MeSH
• translační biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
• vynálezy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery * MeSH

BACKGROUND: Undergraduate medical education in the Czech Republic is currently undergoing extensive changes. OBJECTIVES: Since the very beginning of the study we have aimed to introduce mandatory education in general practice at the Second Medical School of Charles University in Prague. METHODS: A total of 106 medical students were divided into pairs; three pairs of students were assigned to one GP (trainer) who chose suitable families for them to visit after lectures in communication skills. The students met their trainers again after the visits, and 1 week of family placement was concluded by seminars that involved small groups of students led by assistant lecturers of the Institute of General Practice of the Postgraduate Medical School. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Early patient contact for medical students proved to be a good method of starting training in communication skills and for helping to understand the patient as a human being. Students evaluated highly their lecture notes and seminars for small groups as ways of preparing them for their future tasks. The attention that the medical students gave to their new subject, and their interest in continuing the seminars and visits of 'their' families, showed that the Family Placement project had a positive response.

• MeSH
• kurikulum * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• péče o pacienta MeSH
• rodinné lékařství výchova   MeSH
• studium lékařství pregraduální metody   MeSH
• vztahy mezi lékařem a pacientem * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND & AIM: There is abundant evidence to support the beneficial role of nutrition in the prevention, management and treatment of many health conditions including non-communicable diseases and malnutrition. Despite the increasing prevalence of these conditions around the world, research over the past decades has identified that many medical schools lack adequate nutrition education and training for medical students. With the Czech Republic not represented in these findings, this qualitative study aimed to assess and describe the perceptions of nutrition education at a Czech medical school. METHODS: Thirty-six participants, including students in all grades (n = 30) and faculty members from different disciplines (n = 6), completed individual, semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive coding and thematic analysis were used to analyze data and identify key themes. RESULTS: Participants emphasized the important and wide-ranging role of nutrition, describing it as significant and essential for both prevention and treatment of many medical conditions. The first main theme, 'Nutrition in Medical Care and Health' identified support for the important role that nutrition plays in medical care and health. Participants acknowledged that doctors have an important role to promote good nutrition and thus require sufficient education in medical school to offer general nutrition information to patients. In the second theme, 'Nutrition Education in the Current Curriculum' some participants acknowledged that while the medical school offers a good theoretical education about nutrition, and training for specific populations such as pediatrics and oncology, overall, the current education about nutrition was 'inadequate,' not emphasized like other subjects and lacked practical application in clinical practice. The third main theme 'Opportunities for Nutrition Education in Medical School' identified the students' interest in learning more about nutrition to improve their knowledge in preparation for future practice and to promote healthy eating during medical school. In addition to identifying specific topics of interest, the participants shared preferred methods of learning nutrition information. CONCLUSIONS: The participants in this study recognized the importance of nutrition in medical care and perceived that nutrition education is not emphasized consistently in medical school. Students desired additional nutrition education to include current topics, promote self-care, and improve the emphasis in clinical training.

• Klíčová slova
• Czech Republic, Medical school, Medical students, Nutrition education, Qualitative research,
• MeSH
• akademický sbor MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kurikulum MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• školy lékařské * MeSH
• studenti lékařství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Video emergency calls (VCs) represent a feasible future trend in medical dispatching. Acceptance among callers and dispatchers seems to be good. Indications, potential problems, limitations, and directions of research of adding a live video from smartphones to an emergency call have not been reviewed outside the context of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to examine the scope and nature of research publications on the topic of VC. The secondary goal is to identify research gaps and discuss the potential directions of research efforts of VC. DESIGN: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, online bibliographic databases PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and gray literature were searched from the period of January 1, 2012 through March 1, 2022 in English. Only studies focusing on video transfer via mobile phone to emergency medical dispatch centers (EMDCs) were included. RESULTS: Twelve articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and six main themes were identified: (1) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guided by VC; (2) indications of VCs; (3) dispatchers' feedback and perception; (4) technical aspects of VCs; (5) callers' acceptance; and (6) confidentiality and legal issues. CONCLUSION: Video emergency calls are feasible and seem to be a well-accepted auxiliary method among dispatchers and callers. Some promising clinical results exist, especially for video-assisted CPR. On the other hand, there are still enormous knowledge gaps in the vast majority of implementation aspects of VC into practice.

• Klíčová slova
• Emergency Medical Services, dispatching, prehospital emergency care, video emergency call,
• MeSH
• kardiopulmonální resuscitace * metody   MeSH
• komunikační systémy urgentních lékařských služeb MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• linka integrovaného záchranného systému * metody   MeSH
• urgentní zdravotnické služby * metody   MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• zástava srdce mimo nemocnici * terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Scoping Review MeSH

UNLABELLED: It has been proven that with an increasing number of diseases elderly patients are treated by an increasing number of drugs despite the fact that treatment of elderly persons should be as simple as possible. Simpler dosage of (fewer?) drugs may contribute to a good cooperation on the part of patients, as well as to a lower incidence of undesirable effects and drug interactions. Sticking to established medication schemes is another feature observed in practice, which interferes with the introduction of novelties. The aim of this study was to investigate the actual situation of medication of elderly patients treated by general practitioners in this country. Between 1996 and 1998, a random group of 1481 patients aged older than 75 was studied in cooperation with general practitioners. A detailed history was obtained and physical examination was performed, signs of depression were assessed, Barthel's test of everyday activities, and IADL (activities of daily living) and MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) tests were applied. A unified "Protocol on Examination" was used in which three questions were concerned with medication--the kinds of drugs taken by the patient, their names and dosage, and whether any hypnotics were taken. The five most frequently prescribed groups include vasodilators (62% patients), cardiotonics (39%), analgetics (41%) and Ca-antagonists (25%). The dynamics of the prescription were remarkable--a significant decrease of the use of analgetics and cardiotonics was observed in comparison with a significant increase in the use of ACE inhibitors. The number of drugs administered is as follows: while only 1.3% patients took no drugs, 1.6% patients took more than 13 drugs. 61% patients rank among the categories taking 4-5 or 6-8 kinds of drugs. On the whole, general practitioners tend to prescribe medicaments in doses one tablet per day. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that, even nowadays, elderly patients are treated with a rather high number of medicaments. In contrast, the dosage of one tablet a day decreases the total number of the tablets taken. A significant influence of new scientific information was visible in the prescription habits of general practitioners. Be that as it may, in elderly patients, the simplest possible medication should continue to be aimed at.

• MeSH
• anamnéza MeSH
• činnosti denního života MeSH
• farmakoterapie klasifikace   MeSH
• geriatrie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rodinné lékařství * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let * MeSH
• senioři * MeSH
• záznam o duševním stavu MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let * MeSH
• senioři * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: The decision to adopt forced medication in psychiatric care is particularly relevant from a clinical and ethical viewpoint. The European Commission has funded the EUNOMIA study in order to develop European recommendations for good clinical practice on coercive measures, including forced medication. METHODS: The recommendations on forced medication have been developed in 11 countries with the involvement of national clinical leaders, key-professionals and stakeholders' representatives. The national recommendations have been subsequently summarized into a European shared document. RESULTS: Several cross-national differences exist in the use of forced medication. These differences are mainly due to legal and policy making aspects, rather than to clinical situations. In fact, countries agreed that forced medication can be allowed only if the following criteria are present: 1) a therapeutic intervention is urgently needed; 2) the voluntary intake of medications is consistently rejected; 3) the patient is not aware of his/her condition. Patients' dignity, privacy and safety shall be preserved at all times. CONCLUSION: The results of our study show the need of developing guidelines on the use of forced medication in psychiatric practice, that should be considered as the last resort and only when other therapeutic option have failed.

• Klíčová slova
• Coercive measures, Forced medication, Procedures, Recommendation,
• MeSH
• antipsychotika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• duševně nemocní statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
• nátlak MeSH
• odmítnutí terapie pacientem zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• služby péče o duševní zdraví normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zodpovědnost duševně nemocného zákonodárství a právo   normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antipsychotika MeSH

The number of individuals traveling abroad is increasing annually. The rising popularity of medical travel and the absence of clear minimum quality requirements in this area urgently call for the development of international standards to ensure good practice and patient safety. The aim of this study is to identify the key domains in medical travel where quality standards should be established. Drawing from the evidence-based OECD framework and an extensive literature review, this study proposes three critical areas for consideration: minimum standards of health-care facilities and third-party agencies, financial responsibility, and patient centeredness. Several cultural challenges have been introduced that may pose a barrier to development of the guidelines and should be taken into consideration. Establishing international quality standards in medical travel enhances benefits to patients and providers, which is an urgent necessity given the rapid growth in this industry.

• Klíčová slova
• health care, international quality standards, medical insurance, medical travel, patient centeredness, public policy,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH