UNLABELLED: The unexpected discovery of felsic magma by the Iceland Deep Drilling Project-1 (IDDP-1) in the Krafla volcanic system (KVS) presents a unique opportunity to investigate pre-eruptive lithium (Li) dynamics and establish a more direct connection between magma reservoirs and volcanic deposits. Our study provides new insights into Li abundances and isotope compositions in bulk-rock, minerals, and groundmass glass from rhyolitic lavas at KVS, encompassing various stages of groundmass crystallisation. Additionally, we examined felsic cuttings retrieved from the IDDP-1 well, comprising crystal-poor obsidian and crystal-bearing to -rich 'felsite' particles. Groundmass glasses from surface lavas show limited variability in K/Na, indicating limited secondary hydration of the glasses and that their Li contents seem to not be affected by this post-eruptive process. Lithium inventories in groundmass glasses and minerals within lavas exhibit variations consistent with the cooling history of the deposit, resembling patterns seen in Snake River Plain ignimbrites. Lithium contents of glassy rhyolitic lavas, whether bulk-rock (avg. 27.2 ± 3.1 μg/g) or groundmass glass (average 28.4 ± 4.7 μg/g), and their bulk isotopic compositions (avg. δ7Li =+ 4.4 ± 0.2‰) overlap with those observed in IDDP-1 obsidian cuts (avg. 24.9 μg/g Li in bulk, 28.6 ± 1.5 μg/g in groundmass glass, and δ7Li = 4.5 ± 0.2‰). Glassy lavas lacking spherulites may potentially preserve pristine magmatic Li element and isotope compositions, while areas with extensive groundmass crystallisation reveal Li enrichments in phenocrysts. Plagioclases in slowly cooled parts of the deposit record a two-fold increase in Li contents compared to plagioclase found in glassy counterparts, along with evidence of open-system degassing marked by heavier bulk Li isotope compositions and lower bulk Li contents of the crystallised lava portions (avg. δ7Li = +7.2 ± 0.1‰ and 7 ± 0.8 μg/g Li) relative to bulk glassy lithologies (avg. δ7Li = +4.1 ± 0.1‰ and 28 ± 2 μg/g Li). Partition coefficients derived from IDDP-1 cuts successfully predict Li inventories in vitrophyres of rhyolites on the surface of the KVS. Lithium isotope compositions of the crystal-rich IDDP-1 cuts are significantly heavier (avg. δ7Li = +7.2 ± 0.2‰) than lavas and IDDP-1 obsidian cuts, casting doubt on the notion that the IDDP-1 rhyolitic magma could result from the melting of felsite lenses in the KVS. Lithium contents in groundmass glasses within IDDP-1 crystal-rich cuts show higher Li contents (avg. 55.1-60.7 μg/g), correlating with the higher crystal content and an increase in other incompatible elements (avg. 250 μg/g Rb) relative to obsidian cuttings (avg. 75 μg/g Rb). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00410-024-02119-y.

• Klíčová slova
• Degassing, Fractional crystallisation, IDDP-1, Lithium, Post-eruption, Rhyolite,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Elevated Arsenic (As) and Fluoride (F) concentrations in groundwater have been studied in the shallow aquifers of northeastern of La Pampa province, in the Chaco-Pampean plain, Argentina. The source of As and co-contaminants is mainly geogenic, from the weathering of volcanic ash and loess (rhyolitic glass) that erupted from the Andean volcanic range. In this study we have assessed the groundwater quality in two semi-arid areas of La Pampa. We have also identified the spatial distribution of As and co-contaminants in groundwater and determined the major factors controlling the mobilization of As in the shallow aquifers. The groundwater samples were circum-neutral to alkaline (7.4 to 9.2), oxidizing (Eh ~0.24 V) and characterized by high salinity (EC = 456-11,400 μS/cm) and Na+-HCO3- water types in recharge areas. Carbonate concretions ("tosca") were abundant in the upper layers of the shallow aquifer. The concentration of total As (5.6 to 535 μg/L) and F (0.5 to 14.2 mg/L) were heterogeneous and exceeded the recommended WHO Guidelines and the Argentine Standards for drinking water. The predominant As species were arsenate As(V) oxyanions, determined by thermodynamic calculations. Arsenic was positively correlated with bicarbonate (HCO3-), fluoride (F), boron (B) and vanadium (V), but negatively correlated with iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn), which were present in low concentrations. The highest amount of As in sediments was from the surface of the dry lake. The mechanisms for As mobilization are associated with multiple factors: geochemical reactions, hydrogeological characteristics of the local aquifer and climatic factors. Desorption of As(V) at high pH, and ion competition for adsorption sites are considered the principal mechanisms for As mobilization in the shallow aquifers. In addition, the long-term consumption of the groundwater could pose a threat for the health of the local community and low cost remediation techniques are required to improve the drinking water quality.

• Klíčová slova
• Arsenic, Fluoride, La Pampa, Loess sediments, Shallow groundwater, Volcanic ash,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH