• MeSH
• diagnóza počítačová MeSH
• elektrokardiografie MeSH
• informační systémy MeSH
• kardiologie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matematika MeSH
• minipočítače MeSH
• software MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has been on the rise in Europe and the USA. Details on nuclear cardiology in the Czech Republic are not available as yet, as it is impossible to obtain comprehensive data from official registers owing to different methods of reporting and data evaluation. A questionnaire concerning nuclear cardiology activity and practice in 2001 was sent to all nuclear medicine departments in the Czech Republic. All 48 departments completed the questionnaire. In 2001, 50 planar and 54 tomographic (SPET) scintillation cameras were used. The average age of the SPET cameras was 5 years (13% of SPET cameras were >8 years old). Out of the 48 centres, 39 (81%) provided a nuclear cardiology service; the total number of cardiological studies was 15,740 in 2001 (1.5 studies/1,000 population/year). The most frequently employed method was MPI (81.7%), the frequency of which had increased by 10% compared with 2000; 26 of the 39 (67%) departments reported that MPI activity was increasing. Nevertheless, the Czech Republic nuclear cardiology activity remained below the European average (2.2/1,000 population in 1994) and, particularly, below activity in the USA (15/1,000 in 1997). The activity was rather unevenly spread. Whereas two centres with >1,000 studies/year accounted for 20% of the total MPI studies, 16 of 39 (41%) departments exhibited low activity (<200 studies/year) and accounted for only 15% of the total MPI studies. The use of SPET increased from 91% in 2000 to 94% in 2001 (only three institutes performed planar examinations). The most widely used tracer was (99m)Tc-MIBI (60% of total MPI), followed by (201)Tl (21%) and (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin (19%). ECG-gated SPET was employed by 20/39 (51%) centres, of which 11 (28%) performed it as a standard examination; 39% of the total MPI studies included this technique. Thirteen percent (5/39) of the departments used attenuation correction, and 69% (27/39) of the departments used a prone projection. Equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography, with 2,317 examinations (14.7%), ranked second among all nuclear cardiology methods, followed by first-pass angiocardiography (406 studies, 2.6%) and (18)F-FDG (163 studies, 1%).

• MeSH
• jednofotonová emisní výpočetní tomografie statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• kardiologická služba nemocniční statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci srdce diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nukleární lékařství - oddělení nemocnice statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• průzkumy zdravotní péče MeSH
• srdce diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• tomografie emisní počítačová statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: The second survey of nuclear cardiology in the Czech Republic was conducted to ascertain whether the activity had increased since the first survey in 2001; we also intended to identify new trends in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All 46 departments of nuclear medicine in the Czech Republic completed a questionnaire concerning nuclear cardiology activity in 2002-2003 and current clinical and technical practices. RESULTS: There were 66 SPET cameras in 2003 in comparison with 54 SPET cameras in 2001. Of the 46 centres, 39 (85%) provided nuclear cardiology service. The total number of cardiac studies was 19,261 in 2003 (i.e. 1.9 studies/1,000 population; myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) studies accounted for 91.3% of total nuclear cardiology. In 2001-2003, the utilization rate of MPI increased annually by 10%, 13% and 21% respectively. Twenty-six departments (67%) reported that the number of MPI had increased. The utilization of gated SPET method showed a very positive trend; as only 39% of all MPI studies were acquired using ECG-gating in 2001, but in 2003, there was an increase to 61%. We observed no increase in utilization of attenuation correction (3 centres in 2003 in comparison with 5 centres in 2001). Despite new PET capacity in the Czech Republic, the total number of FDG cardiology studies was somewhat lower in 2003 than in 2001 (155 compared with 163 studies). CONCLUSIONS: Our data documented substantial growth in the number of MPI examinations in 2001-2003. However, Czech Republic nuclear cardiology activity still remained below the European average (2.2 studies/1,000 population in 1994); a further increase in MPI activity is necessary to adequately support the needs of cardiac patients.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• jednofotonová emisní výpočetní tomografie statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• kardiologická služba nemocniční statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci srdce diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nukleární lékařství - oddělení nemocnice statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• perfuze MeSH
• průzkumy zdravotní péče MeSH
• srdce diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• tomografie emisní počítačová statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an integral part of clinical decision support systems (CDSS), offering methods to approximate human reasoning and computationally infer decisions. Such methods are generally based on medical knowledge, either directly encoded with rules or automatically extracted from medical data using machine learning (ML). ML techniques, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs), are based on mathematical models with parameters that can be optimally tuned using appropriate algorithms. The ever-increasing computational capacity of today's computer systems enables more complex ML systems with millions of parameters, bringing AI closer to human intelligence. With this objective, the term deep learning (DL) has been introduced to characterize ML based on deep ANN (DNN) architectures with multiple layers of artificial neurons. Despite all of these promises, the impact of AI in current clinical practice is still limited. However, this could change shortly, as the significantly increased papers in AI, machine learning and deep learning in cardiology show. We highlight the significant achievements of recent years in nearly all areas of cardiology and underscore the mounting evidence suggesting how AI will take a central stage in the field.

• Klíčová slova
• arrythmias, artificial intelligence, cardiac imaging, cardiology, heart failure, voice technology,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Telemedicine is a rapidly evolving form of modern information and communication technology used to deliver clinical services and educational activities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to report and analyze our experience with transatlantic consultation via videoconferencing in pediatric cardiology. METHODS: In February, 2013, videoconferencing project was launched between a medium-volume pediatric cardiac center in Bratislava, Slovakia and subspecialty experts from a high-volume pediatric cardiac program at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), USA. During 1.5-2 hours videoconferences, 2-3 patients with similar complex clinical scenarios were presented to CHOP experts. The main goal of the project was consultation on individual patients to validate, alter or radically change clinical management plans. RESULTS: From February, 2013 to January, 2017, 25 videoconferences occurred and 73 cases were discussed. The median patient age was 52 months (range; 1 day-30 years). Forty-six discussed cases were outpatients, 21 patients were in the intensive care unit and 6 patients were discussed post mortem. Thirty-one CHOP experts from different subspecialties participated actively in patient consultations. The most frequent recommendations were related to single ventricle, pulmonary hypertension or heart failure patients and intervention in complex and/or rare cardiac diseases. Specialists from CHOP agreed completely with the original care plan in 16% of cases. In 52% cases, adjustments to original plan were suggested. Radical changes were recommended in 30% of cases. Receiving institution adopted recommendations to the patient care fully in 79% and partially in 13% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our 4-year experience we consider videoconferencing between medium-size pediatric cardiac center and subspecialty experts from a high-volume pediatric cardiac program a suitable form of medical consultations. Videoconferencing assists in clinical decision making for complex patient cases and serves as an effective educational tool to gain knowledge and experience "without borders."

• Klíčová slova
• pediatric cardiology, telemedicine, videoconferencing,
• MeSH
• diagnóza počítačová metody   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiologie * MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• konzultace na dálku metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• videokonferování * MeSH
• vrozené srdeční vady diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

Echocardiography (ECHO) is at present the most important and most useful non-invasive diagnostic method employed in cardiology. Its dominant position is the result of dramatic development of its technology and methodology enabling a wide range of clinical applications. Apart from M-mode and two-dimensional ECHO, these methods include mainly Doppler ECHO (pulse and continuous, colour), computer, contrast, exertional, transoesophageal ECHO, ultrasound characteristics of tissue (textural analysis). Moreover, technical improvements have enabled to quantify, standardise and unify ECHO measurements and nomenclature. The most general contribution of ECHO to present-day clinical cardiology lies in the confirmation or exclusion of a suspected cardiovascular disease and assessment of the degree of circulatory system involvement.

• MeSH
• echokardiografie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci srdce diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

A review of the most important topics published during 2001 is presented. The Writing Committee of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association decided to take a new approach to the classification of heart failure that emphasizes both the evolution and the progression of the disease, using potential risk factors and structural disorders as criteria to identify the severity of a heart failure syndrome. Similarly, an ACC/AHA Clinical Competence Statement on electrocardiography and ambulatory electrocardiography was published with a special emphasis on the computer interpretation of the electrocardiogram. Since various drugs were shown to induce electrocardiographic abnormalities as e.g. QT prolongation associated with ventricular tachycardias, the FDA decided to introduce higher regulatory requirements on the cardiac safety of novel drugs. In cardiovascular surgery Octopus off-pump bypass was demonstrated to be a safe procedure for carefully selected patients with multivessel coronary heart disease. Because of the extensive progress made in cardiovascular surgery, the management of severe heart failure has to be improved and early effective preventive measures have to be introduced to reduce the risk of intractable heart failure. The "New guidelines for evaluating acute coronary syndrome" stress the importance of early identifying and early treatment, including invasive strategy as PTCA with stenting.

• MeSH
• kardiologie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

This paper summarizes the evaluation of two standardized approaches to implementation of messages for demographic data exchange between the preventive cardiology outpatient department located at the Institute of Computer Science AS CR, v.v.i. in Prague and the Outpatients Department of Cardiology of Municipal Hospital in Caslav. Our setting consists of four independent systems maintaining different clinical data (scheduling system, hospital information system, EHR system and a digital ECG). The aim is to avoid repetitive patient demographic data entry. We evaluate the suitability of IHE Patient Administration Management Profile (including HL7 v.2.5) and Czech national standard DASTA using Standard Evaluation Framework proposed and published in 2008 by J. Mykkänen et al. Besides the evaluation of standards, we also discuss some aspects of the framework.

• MeSH
• ambulantní péče MeSH
• chorobopisy - spojování * MeSH
• demografie * MeSH
• elektronické zdravotní záznamy organizace a řízení   MeSH
• kardiologická služba nemocniční MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Background There is a scarcity of validated rapid dietary screening tools for patient use in the clinical setting to improve health and reduce cardiovascular risk. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 measures compliance with the 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans but requires completion of an extensive diet assessment to compute, which is time consuming and impractical. The authors hypothesize that a 19-item dietary survey assessing consumption of common food groups known to affect health will be correlated with the HEI-2015 assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and can be further reduced without affecting validity. Methods and Results A 19-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT) of common food groups was created through literature review and expert consensus. A cross-sectional survey was then conducted in adult participants from a preventive cardiology clinic or cardiac rehabilitation and in healthy volunteers (n=661, mean age, 36 years; 76% women). Participants completed an online 156-item food frequency questionnaire, which was used to calculate the HEI score using standard methods. The association between each EAT question and HEI group was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Linear regression models were subsequently used to identify univariable and multivariable predictors for HEI score for further reduction in the number of items. The final 9-item model of Mini-EAT was validated by 5-fold cross validation. The 19-item EAT had a strong correlation with the HEI score (r=0.73) and was subsequently reduced to the 9 items independently predictive of the HEI score: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, refined grains, fish or seafood, legumes/nuts/seeds, low-fat dairy, high-fat dairy, and sweets consumption, without affecting the predictive ability of the tool (r=0.71). Conclusions Mini-EAT is a 9-item validated brief dietary screener that correlates well with a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire. Future studies to test the Mini-EAT's validity in diverse populations and for development of clinical decision support systems to capture changes over time are needed.

• Klíčová slova
• Healthy Eating Index 2015, cardiovascular disease prevention, dietary questionnaire, dietary survey, food frequency questionnaire, preventive cardiology, rapid dietary screener,
• MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• ovoce MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• zelenina * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIMS: The aims of this study were to establish cardiac rehabilitation availability and density, as well as the nature of programmes, and to compare these by European region (geoscheme) and with other high-income countries. METHODS: A survey was administered to cardiac rehabilitation programmes globally. Cardiac associations were engaged to facilitate programme identification. Density was computed using global burden of disease study ischaemic heart disease incidence estimates. Four high-income countries were selected for comparison (N = 790 programmes) to European data, and multilevel analyses were performed. RESULTS: Cardiac rehabilitation was available in 40/44 (90.9%) European countries. Data were collected in 37 (94.8% country response rate). A total of 455/1538 (29.6% response rate) programme respondents initiated the survey. Programme volumes (median 300) were greatest in western European countries, but overall were higher than in other high-income countries (P < 0.001). Across all Europe, there was on average only 1 CR spot per 7 IHD patients, with an unmet regional need of 3,449,460 spots annually. Most programmes were funded by social security (n = 25, 59.5%; with significant regional variation, P < 0.001), but in 72 (16.0%) patients paid some or all of the programme costs (or ∼18.5% of the ∼€150.0/programme) out of pocket. Guideline-indicated conditions were accepted in 70% or more of programmes (lower for stable coronary disease), with no regional variation. Programmes had a multidisciplinary team of 6.5 ± 3.0 staff (number and type varied regionally; and European programmes had more staff than other high-income countries), offering 8.5 ± 1.5/10 core components (consistent with other high-income countries) over 24.8 ± 26.0 hours (regional differences, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: European cardiac rehabilitation capacity must be augmented. Where available, services were consistent with guidelines, but varied regionally.

• Klíčová slova
• Cardiac rehabilitation, Europe, survey,
• MeSH
• disparity zdravotní péče ekonomika   MeSH
• dostupnost zdravotnických služeb ekonomika   MeSH
• integrované poskytování zdravotní péče ekonomika   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární rehabilitace ekonomika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náklady na zdravotní péči * MeSH
• nemoci srdce diagnóza   ekonomika   epidemiologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• příjem * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy zdravotní péče MeSH
• sociální zabezpečení ekonomika   MeSH
• výdaje na zdravotnictví MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• výsledky a postupy - zhodnocení (zdravotní péče) ekonomika   MeSH
• zdravotnické služby - potřeby a požadavky ekonomika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH