Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were monitored at 20 sites in semi-rural, urban, and industrial areas of Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea, for one year. The target compounds were the 16 priority PAHs designated by the US Environmental Protection Agency except for naphthalene, acenaphthene, and acenaphthylene. Gaseous PAHs collected using polyurethane foam-based passive air samplers (PUF-PASs) and particulate PAHs predicted using gas/particle partitioning models were used to estimate the human health risks. The mean total cancer risk through inhalation intake and dermal absorption for all target age groups (children, adolescents, adults, and lifetime) ranged from 0.10 × 10-7 to 2.62 × 10-7, lower than the acceptable risk level (10-6), thus representing a safe level for residents. The cancer risk through dermal absorption and inhalation intake was predicted to be highest in winter, mostly due to the higher concentrations of PAHs, especially high-molecular-weight species with greater toxicity. Additionally, gaseous and particulate PAHs contributed more to dermal absorption and inhalation intake, respectively. As a consequence of local emissions and advection, the risks were higher in the industrial and semi-rural areas. This study suggests that human health risks can be cost-effectively mapped on a local scale using passive air sampling.

• Klíčová slova
• PAHs, PAS, Risk assessment, Ulsan, gas/particle partitioning model,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The authors present their experience with the use of the Czechoslovak preparation Gastrinal-Sucralphate in the treatment of 40 subjects with gastroduodenal ulceration. Moreover, they compared two forms of the drug--tablets and granulate. The healing effect of the drug is very high, in tablets 77.0%, in granulate as much as 89.5%. As far as tolerance is concerned, it was obviously better after the granulate, subjective side-effects were very rare. The drug does not affect any basic biochemical parameters which were monitored during administration of the drug.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• peptický vřed farmakoterapie   MeSH
• sukralfát terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• sukralfát MeSH

Malotilate as a synthetic substance shares comparable hepatoprotective properties with various flavonoids. The gastroprotective effect of some flavonoids prompted us to ascertain the similar effectiveness of malotilate. The possible gastroprotectivity was examined in gastric mucosal damage in rats induced by indomethacin (20 mg.kg-1) or ethanol (96%). Oral pretreatment with malotilate (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg.kg-1) reduced the extent of lesions induced by both indomethacin and ethanol. Histological analyses also revealed a mitigating effect on the severity of gastric mucosal lesions. Similar results were obtained in the group of rats pretreated with 5 mg.kg-1 indomethacin followed by oral administration of 96% ethanol. This finding suggests that the effect of malotilate on rat gastric mucosa is independent of endogenous prostaglandin production.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• indomethacin MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• malonáty farmakologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• prostaglandiny metabolismus   MeSH
• protivředové látky farmakologie   MeSH
• sukralfát farmakologie   MeSH
• žaludeční sliznice patologie   MeSH
• žaludeční vředy chemicky indukované   patologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiflogistika nesteroidní MeSH
• diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate MeSH Prohlížeč
• ethanol MeSH
• indomethacin MeSH
• malonáty MeSH
• prostaglandiny MeSH
• protivředové látky MeSH
• sukralfát MeSH

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Critically ill patients especially who require mechanical ventilation or have coagulopathy are at increased risk for stress-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage. There are conflicting data on the efficacy and complication rates of various prophylactic regimens. METHODOLOGY: Our single-center randomized, placebo-controlled study included 287 patients with high risk for stress-related upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (>48 h mechanical ventilation, coagulopathy). We compared 3 prophylactic regimens (proton pump inhibitor--omeprazole 40 mg i.v. once daily, n=72; H2 antagonists--famotidine 40 mg twice a day, n=71; and sucralfate 1 g every 6 hours, n=69) with placebo (n=75) in patients with trauma or after major surgery. RESULTS: Of 287 assessable patients, clinically significant stress-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding was observed in 1%, 3%, 4%, and 1% of patients assigned to receive omeprazole, famotidine, sucralfate, and placebo, respectively (p>0.28). Bleeding developed significantly more often in patients with coagulopathy compared with the others (10% vs. 2%; p=0.006). The gastric pH (p>0.001) and gastric colonization (p<0.05) was significantly higher in the patients who received pH increasing substances when compared with the other 2 groups. Nosocomial pneumonia occurred in 11% of patients receiving omeprazole, in 10% of famotidine patients, in 9% of sucralfate patients and in 7% of controls (p>0.34). No statistically significant differences were found for days on ventilator, length of ICU stay, or mortality among all the 4 groups. CONCLUSIONS: We could not show that omeprazole, famotidine, or sucralfate prophylaxis can affect already very low incidence of clinically important stress-related bleeding in high-risk surgical intensive care unit patients. Furthermore, our data suggested that especially gastric pH increasing medication could increase the risk for nosocomial pneumonia. Routine prophylaxis for stress-related bleeding even in high-risk patients seems not to be justified.

• MeSH
• antagonisté histaminu H2 terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Bacteria izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• famotidin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• fyziologický stres komplikace   MeSH
• gastrointestinální krvácení epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí komplikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• inhibitory protonové pumpy * MeSH
• kritický stav MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• omeprazol terapeutické užití   MeSH
• peptický vřed komplikace   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• pneumonie komplikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• protivředové látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stanovení žaludeční acidity MeSH
• sukralfát terapeutické užití   MeSH
• žaludek mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antagonisté histaminu H2 MeSH
• famotidin MeSH
• inhibitory protonové pumpy * MeSH
• omeprazol MeSH
• protivředové látky MeSH
• sukralfát MeSH