Graphene remains of great interest in biomedical applications because of biocompatibility. Diseases relating to human senses interfere with life satisfaction and happiness. Therefore, the restoration by artificial organs or sensory devices may bring a bright future by the recovery of senses in patients. In this review, we update the most recent progress in graphene based sensors for mimicking human senses such as artificial retina for image sensors, artificial eardrums, gas sensors, chemical sensors, and tactile sensors. The brain-like processors are discussed based on conventional transistors as well as memristor related neuromorphic computing. The brain-machine interface is introduced for providing a single pathway. Besides, the artificial muscles based on graphene are summarized in the means of actuators in order to react to the physical world. Future opportunities remain for elevating the performances of human-like sensors and their clinical applications.

• Keywords
• actuators, artificial eardrums, artificial retina, artificial throat, biochemical sensors, gas sensors, graphene, memristors, processors, sensory nervous systems,
• MeSH
• Graphite * MeSH
• Touch MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nervous System MeSH
• Muscles MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Graphite * MeSH

• Keywords
• allergic rhinitis, allergy, artificial intelligence, rhinology,
• Publication type
• Letter MeSH

• Keywords
• LARYNX/neoplasms *, PHARYNX/neoplasms *,
• MeSH
• Pharynx * MeSH
• Larynx, Artificial * MeSH
• Larynx * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pharyngeal Neoplasms * MeSH
• Laryngeal Neoplasms * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Treatment of hypopharyngeal collapse of upper airway is a surgical challenge in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients who fail continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, nonrandomized, multicentered, feasibility study. METHODS: Nineteen OSA patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) between 15 and 50 with CPAP intolerance were included in the study. Baseline polysomnography (PSG) was measured, and 3- and 6-month postoperative PSGs were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative home sleep studies, cephalographs, and videoendoscopy were performed. Additionally, the subjects completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Patient and Bed Partner Snoring Questionnaire, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, and Throat Questionnaire. RESULTS: AHI dropped from 33.8 at baseline to 18.6 at 3-month follow-up and to 24.3 at 6-month follow-up, respectively. Overall surgical success was 38.9% as defined by a 50% drop in AHI to a score below 20 at 6 months. ESS decreased from 11.4 to 6.1 and 7.4 at 3 months and 6 months, respectively. Snoring intensity was reduced from 7% to 3.8% at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Quality of life was improved from 15.6 to 17.9 (14.3%) and 18.1 (15.6%) at 3 months and 6 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The rates of surgical success, feasibility, and safety were satisfactory. Further technical device improvement is necessary and must be based on a new understanding of tongue forces.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Tongue surgery   MeSH
• Bone Screws MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mandible surgery   MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Follow-Up Studies MeSH
• Sleep Apnea, Obstructive surgery   MeSH
• Polysomnography MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Prostheses and Implants * MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Clinical Trial MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH

Bonebridge (BB) is the first active implantation system for bone conduction that is placed fully under the skin. Experience suggests that BB is characterized by low incidence of postoperative complications. This case report presents a rare case of a 16-year-old girl with incidence of emphysema occurring over the implant 1 year after operation. We performed a computed tomography scan that showed pockets of gas above the floating mass transducer so we provided the revision surgery and sealed the artificial opening with fat from the earlobe and fibrin glue. Since that time, no air has collected in the retroauricular area and the implant has been fully functional.

• Keywords
• bone conduction, bonebridge, children, complication, emphysema,
• MeSH
• Emphysema etiology   MeSH
• Implantable Neurostimulators adverse effects   MeSH
• Prosthesis Implantation adverse effects   MeSH
• Bone Conduction MeSH
• Medical Illustration MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Ear Diseases etiology   MeSH
• Postoperative Complications etiology   MeSH
• Hearing Loss, Conductive surgery   MeSH
• Hearing Aids adverse effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a wide-ranging form of involvement from asymptomatic through mild respiratory form to bilateral bronchopneumonia with acute respiratory and multiorgan fatal failure. Patients with comorbidities (obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus) are particularly at risk of a more severe course of infection. We present a 33-year old lean patient with a medical history of ulcerative colitis on immunosuppressive treatment with Azathioprine, after unsuccessful in vitro fertilization one week before the onset of symptoms, admitted to hospital for two-week-long cough with sore throat with fever ap to 40°C. CT confirmed bilateral bronchopneumonia without etiological detection of the infectious agent. Three PCR tests (two of nasopharyngeal swabs and one of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)) were negative for COVID-19, including antigen and antibody tests. Complex parenteral ATB treatment with high-flow nasal oxygen therapy was ineffective, and artificial lung ventilation was indicated for acute respiratory failure. After 4 days antifungal treatment of Fluconazole, condition of patient progressed to hepatic and multiorgan failure and the patient died on day 14 of hospitalization. Post-mortem histological examination revealed the presence of coronavirus in the cells of lung parenchyma. The case recalls that even young patients with immunosuppressive treatment are at risk for the critical course of COVID-19 disease. The negativity of the tests was due to the capture of the patient only after the second week of infection, at the time of the diagnostic window between the positive PCR test and the formation of antibodies. The persistent effect of immunosuppression was most likely the reason for the lack of antibody response.

• Keywords
• COVID-19, PCR test, bilateral bronchopneumonia, respiratory failure.,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Immunosuppression Therapy MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions * MeSH
• Pandemics MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH