• MeSH
• DNA metabolismus   MeSH
• kalcitonin farmakologie   MeSH
• kolagen metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• zánět metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA MeSH
• kalcitonin MeSH
• kolagen MeSH
• proteiny MeSH

BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to indentify the mechanical characteristics of various suture materials. We created an in-vitro experimental flexor tendon model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Materials were divided into four groups: monofilament polypropylene non-absorbable material (group 1); monofilament long-term absorbable material (group 2); polyester multifilament non-absorbable coated material (group 3) and polyester multifilament non-absorbable uncoated material (group 4). We performed 135 tests. The mean maximal tensile strength was 62.92 N in group 1, 75.20 N in group 2, 36.38 N in group 3 and 72.4 N in group 4. Elasticity in millimetres was adjusted at the 35N level: group 1:2.01 mm, group 2:2.18 mm, group 3:2.14 and group 4:1.51 mm. DISCUSSION: With regard to its elasticity and favourable SD for tensile strength measurements, polyester multifilament non-absorbable uncoated material was considered to be the most suitable material.

• MeSH
• biokompatibilní potahované materiály MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pevnost v tahu MeSH
• polyestery MeSH
• polypropyleny MeSH
• pružnost MeSH
• šlachy chirurgie   MeSH
• sutura * MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• vstřebatelné implantáty MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biokompatibilní potahované materiály MeSH
• polyestery MeSH
• polypropyleny MeSH

Wound infections represent a major problem, particularly in patients with chronic wounds. Bacteria in the wound exist mainly in the form of biofilms and are thus resistant to most antibiotics and antimicrobials. A simple and cost-effective in vitro model of chronic wound biofilms applied for testing treatments and solid devices, especially wound dressings, is presented in this work. The method is based on the well-established Lubbock chronic wound biofilm transferred onto an artificial agar wound bed. The biofilm formed by four bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was stable for up to 48h post-transplant. The applicability of the model was evaluated by testing two common iodine wound treatments. These observations indicate that this method enables assessing the effects of treatments on established resilient wound biofilms and is clinically highly relevant.

• Klíčová slova
• Anti-biofilm substances, Artificial wound bed, In vitro testing, Multi-species wound biofilm model,
• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• bakteriální nálož MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• infekce v ráně farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• jod aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• obvazy * MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiinfekční látky MeSH
• jod MeSH

Current in vitro sonication experiments show immense variability in experimental set-ups and methods used. As a result, there is uncertainty in the ultrasound field parameters experienced by sonicated samples, poor reproducibility of these experiments and thus reduced scientific value of the results obtained. The scope of this narrative review is to briefly describe mechanisms of action of ultrasound, list the most frequently used experimental set-ups and focus on a description of factors influencing the outcomes and reproducibility of these experiments. The factors assessed include: proper reporting of ultrasound exposure parameters, experimental geometry, coupling medium quality, influence of culture vessels, formation of standing waves, motion/rotation of the sonicated sample and the characteristics of the sample itself. In the discussion we describe pros and cons of particular exposure geometries and factors, and make a few recommendations as to how to increase the reproducibility and validity of the experiments performed.

• Klíčová slova
• In vitro experiment, Sonication, Therapeutic ultrasound, Ultrasound exposure,
• MeSH
• analýza selhání vybavení MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• buněčné kultury MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• ultrazvuková terapie metody   MeSH
• vibrace ultrazvukové MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Calcium chloride and sodium hydrogen phosphate form precipitation zones in gelatin gel, gel supplemented with cartilaginous extract, articular cartilage slices, and in demineralized bone. The cartilaginous extract exerts a marked inhibitory effect on the crystal quantity and clustering. The pretreatment of cartilage slices with hyaluronidase increases the crystal frequency. The morphology of crystals formed in gelatin and in cartilage was similar but quite different from the precipitation pattern found in demineralized bone.

• MeSH
• bezbuněčný systém MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• chemická precipitace MeSH
• chlorid vápenatý chemie   MeSH
• femur chemie   MeSH
• fosfáty chemie   MeSH
• fyziologická kalcifikace * MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka chemie   MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• skot MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• želatina MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorid vápenatý MeSH
• fosfáty MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• sodium phosphate MeSH Prohlížeč
• želatina MeSH

• MeSH
• akutní erytroblastická leukemie krev   MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• erytropoéza * MeSH
• experimentální leukemie krev   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• virus myší leukemie Friendové * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The most dangerous aspect of cancer is the metastatic spread to other parts of the body. Cancer cells frequently use circulation to spread to secondary locations. By entering the blood-stream (in a process called intravasation) and by crossing the vessel walls at the metastatic sites (extravasation) tumor cells disseminate to distal organs and eventually form life threatening metastases. Crossing the vessel walls (transendothelial migration) is a vital step of metastatic cascade and the elucidation of mechanisms involved in transendothelial migration might inspire new strategies of targeted antimetastatic therapy. There are several methods to study transendothelial migration in living models (in vivo). Although they offer complex physiological microenvironment, they are expensive and technically demanding, therefore not widely used. As an alternative, sophisticated techniques to investigate transendothelial migration in vitro have been developed. They are generally more available and feasible, but there is still considerable variability in the difficulty of performance, the requirements for specialized devices, accuracy of in vivo simulation and relevance for oncological applications. The classification, various modifications, pros and cons of in vitro techniques for studying transendothelial migration are summarized in this review.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metastázy nádorů patofyziologie   MeSH
• nádory patofyziologie   MeSH
• techniky in vitro metody   MeSH
• transendoteliální a transepiteliální migrace fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• bolest patofyziologie   MeSH
• elektrofyziologie MeSH
• evokované potenciály MeSH
• mícha patofyziologie   MeSH
• míšní kořeny patofyziologie   MeSH
• modely neurologické * MeSH
• nervus ischiadicus patofyziologie   MeSH
• nociceptory patofyziologie   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• žáby * MeSH
• zadní končetina inervace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Seven selected parabens (4 allowed, 3 banned in cosmetics) were tested in order to confirm and expand historical data on their toxicological properties and safety. The aim was to apply novel in vitro methods, which have been sufficiently technically and scientifically validated for the purposes of toxicological testing of chemicals. The study included several toxicological endpoints such as skin/eye irritation, skin sensitization, endocrine disruption and genotoxicity. The battery of selected methods comprised regulatory accepted EpiDerm™ skin model (OECD TG 439); EpiOcular™ corneal model (OECD TG 492) and scientifically valid test method HET-CAM (DB-ALM Protocol No. 47); in chemico test DPRA (OECD TG 442C); in vitro test LuSens (OECD TG 442D) and in vitro test h-CLAT (OECD TG 442E); Ames MPF™ (Xenometrix) and XenoScreen YES/YAS (Xenometrix). Overall, none of the 4 allowed parabens exhibited skin/eye irritation or genotoxicity. However, all allowed parabens in cosmetics were predicted as samples with potentially sensitizing properties in the LuSens and h-CLAT test methods, but not confirmed by DPRA. Endocrine disruption was recorded only at high concentrations, whereas methyl paraben and ethyl paraben exhibited the lowest activity. This study confirmed the safety of use of the allowed parabens in the highest recommended concentrations in cosmetics or pharmaceuticals.

• Klíčová slova
• Endocrine disruption, Genotoxicity, In vitro toxicology, Parabens, Phototoxicity, Sensitization, Skin and eye irritation,
• MeSH
• alternativy testů na zvířatech * metody   MeSH
• kosmetické přípravky * toxicita   MeSH
• kůže MeSH
• parabeny toxicita   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kosmetické přípravky * MeSH
• parabeny MeSH

The present paper is a continuation of a publication of 2012 (Čes. a slov. Farm. 2012; 31, 150-158). It is oriented at the evaluation of potential antituberculotics in vitro, which is the most widely used approach to testing. The paper is based on the information from Chemical Abstracts 2011-2013. It is a selection from nearly three thousand items of information intended to help researchers. The greatest attention is paid to the multiresistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In vitro evaluation for the development of new drugs is of great importance, but it is just the first stretch of the road to new medicinal drugs.

• MeSH
• antituberkulotika farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multirezistentní tuberkulóza farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis účinky léků   MeSH
• racionální návrh léčiv * MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antituberkulotika MeSH