snails
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Experimental infection of the pulmonate snails Arianta arbustorum L. and Helix pomatia L. with first-stage larvae of protostrongylid nematode Elaphostrongylus cervi Cameron, 1931 was performed in order to determine modes of larval entry into the body of the snail intermediate host. Groups by four individuals of both snail species were examined histologically 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the beginning of exposure and 1, 2, 4, and 7 days post infection. All 64 snails examined were found to be successfully infected. The superficial furrows of the sole were recognized as the most important site of larval entry into the snail organism. Larval penetration was observed to be accompanied by destruction of the superficial epithelium. The number of larvae found in the subepithelial connective tissue of the headfoot was significantly higher than that found in other tissues and organs. Larval counts in individual parts of the body of snails examined from 0 to 7 days p.i. did not fluctuate significantly. The present results indicate that only those protostrongylid larvae which actively penetrated the superficial epithelium of the snail sole play an important role in the life cycle.
- MeSH
- Helix (hlemýždi) parazitologie MeSH
- hlemýždi parazitologie MeSH
- larva růst a vývoj MeSH
- Metastrongyloidea růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In freshwater ecosystems, snails can significantly influence the competition between primary producers through grazing of periphyton. This activity can potentially be modified by trematodes, a large group of parasites which mostly use molluscs as the first intermediate host. Available studies, however, show contradictory effects of trematodes on snail periphyton grazing. Here, we used four different freshwater snail-trematode systems to test whether a general pattern can be detected for the impact of trematode infections on snail periphyton grazing. In our experimental systems, mass-specific periphyton grazing rates of infected snails were higher, lower, or similar to rates of non-infected conspecifics, suggesting that no general pattern exists. The variation across studied snail-trematode systems may result from differences on how the parasite uses the resources of the snail and thus affects their energy budget. Trematode infections can significantly alter the grazing rate of snails, where, depending on the system, the mass-specific grazing rate can double or halve. This underlines both, the high ecological relevance of trematodes and the need for comprehensive studies at the species level to allow an integration of these parasite-host interactions into aquatic food web concepts.
- Klíčová slova
- Freshwater snails, Grazing rates, Host–parasite interaction, Periphyton, Trematodes,
- MeSH
- ekologie MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- hlemýždi parazitologie MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita fyziologie MeSH
- perifyton * MeSH
- potravní řetězec MeSH
- přijímání potravy fyziologie MeSH
- sladká voda parazitologie MeSH
- Trematoda izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne disease that has a considerable impact on human and animal health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The intermediate hosts of the schistosome parasites are freshwater snails of the genera Biomphalaria Preston, 1910 and Bulinus Müller, 1781. In order to identify existing gaps in the spread of the disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this study compiled the available knowledge of the distribution, population dynamics and ecology of the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Scopus for all malacological studies on schistosoma intermediate hosts in DRC published between 1927 and October 2022. A total of 55 records were found, of which 31 met the inclusion criteria: these were published field and experimental studies conducted in the DRC and focused on snails as intermediate hosts of schistosomes. The analysis of these studies revealed that more up-to-date data on the distribution of snail intermediate hosts in the DRC are needed. Moreover, ecological factors have been less studied for Bulinus species than for Biomphalaria species. These factors play a crucial role in determining suitable snail habitats, and the lack of comprehensive information poses a challenge in snail control. This review makes it clear that there are no current malacological data in the DRC. There is a clear need for molecular and ecological research to update the exact species status and population dynamics of all potential intermediate host species. This will facilitate targeted snail control measures that complement drug treatment in the control of schistosomiasis in the country.
- Klíčová slova
- Africa., Bilharzia, Biomphalaria, Bulinus, malacology, snails,
- MeSH
- Biomphalaria * parazitologie MeSH
- Bulinus parazitologie MeSH
- hlemýždi parazitologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Schistosoma fyziologie MeSH
- schistosomóza * epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Konžská demokratická republika epidemiologie MeSH
The distribution of cysticercoids of Hymenolepididae Fuhrmann, 1907 parasitizing water birds (Anseriformes and Ralliformes) in Czechoslovakia was studied. A total of 2970 snail specimens (429 Lymnaea stagnalis (L.), 531 L. ovata (Drap.), 1, 462 L. peregra (O. F. Müll.), 158 L. auricularia (L.), 262 Planorbis planorbis (L.) and 65 Viviparus viviparus (L.)) were examined for this purpose. Among them, 122 snails were infected with cysticercoids of 13 cestode species (Dicranotaenia coronula (Dujardin, 1845), Diorchis inflata (Rudolphi, 1810), D. nyrocae Yamaguti, 1935, D. ransomi Schultz, 1940, Diploposthe laevis (Bloch, 1782), Echinocotyle rosetteri Blanchard, 1891, Fimbriaria fasciolaris (Pallas, 1781), Microsomacanthus compressa (Linton 1892), M. paracompressa (Czaplinski, 1956), M. paramicrosoma (Gasowska, 1931), M. spiralibursata (Czaplinski, 1956), Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Zeder, 1803), and S. octacantha (Krabbe, 1869).
- MeSH
- Cestoda anatomie a histologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- hlemýždi parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
Drilus beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are specialized predators of land snails. Here, we describe various aspects of the predator-prey interactions between multiple Drilus species attacking multiple Albinaria (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) species in Greece. We observe that Drilus species may be facultative or obligate Albinaria-specialists. We map geographically varying predation rates in Crete, where on average 24% of empty shells carry fatal Drilus bore holes. We also provide first-hand observations and video-footage of prey entry and exit strategies of the Drilus larvae, and evaluate the potential mutual evolutionary impacts. We find limited evidence for an effect of shell features and snail behavioral traits on inter- and intra-specifically differing predation rates. We also find that Drilus predators adjust their predation behavior based on specific shell traits of the prey. In conclusion, we suggest that, with these baseline data, this interesting predator-prey system will be available for further, detailed more evolutionary ecology studies.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- brouci * MeSH
- hlemýždi * MeSH
- larva MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- predátorské chování * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Řecko MeSH
Bird schistosomes have been in focus as causative agents of cercarial dermatitis of humans in the last years; however, our knowledge of their species spectrum and intermediate host specificity is still insufficient. Our study focused on bird schistosomes developing in planorbid snails that have been less studied so far. From 2001 to 2010, cercariae of bird schistosomes were found in four snail species (Gyraulus albus, Segmentina nitida, Anisus vortex and Planorbis planorbis) from seven localities in the Czech Republic. Based on morphology and results of molecular analysis, the isolates found belong to at least six species. Five of them are probably undescribed species, and one species appears to be identical with Gigantobilharzia vittensis Reimer, 1963 (syn. G. suebica Dönges, 1964). The finding from S. nitida represents the first report of a bird schistosome from this snail.
- MeSH
- cerkárie MeSH
- dermatitida parazitologie MeSH
- DNA helmintů chemie genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hlemýždi parazitologie MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- infestace ektoparazity parazitologie přenos veterinární MeSH
- kachny MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nemoci ptáků parazitologie přenos MeSH
- pěnkavovití MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- Schistosoma anatomie a histologie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- schistosomóza parazitologie přenos veterinární MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA helmintů MeSH
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
There is a great need to understand the impact of complex communities on the free-living parasite stages that are part of them. This task becomes more complex as nonnative species emerge, changing existing relationships and shaping new interactions in the community. A relevant question would be: Can the coexistence of nontarget snails with the target hosts contribute to trematodasis control? We used field and experimental approaches to investigate nonnative competitor-induced parasite dilution. During a three-year field study, we investigated digenean infection in Lymnaea stagnalis from eight Polish lakes inhabited or uninhabited by Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Additionally, we verified the presence of digenean infections in the populations of P. antipodarum. Moreover, we conducted an experimental infection of L. stagnalis with miracidia of Trichobilharzia szidati under increasing densities of P. antipodarum and aimed to infect P. antipodarum with them separately. The prevalence of avian schistosomes in lymnaeid snails was significantly higher in uninhabited lakes than in lakes inhabited by P. antipodarum. Our study indicates that waters with a higher density of invaders have a lower prevalence of avian schistosomes in lymnaeid hosts. The results of experimental studies confirmed that the presence of high densities of P. antipodarum reduces the probability of target host infection. Both field and experimental studies rule out the role of P. antipodarum as a source of avian schistosome cercariae. Here, a nonnative species was tested as a diluter, which in practice may be harmful to the local environment. This work is not a call for the introduction of nonnative species; it is intended to be a stimulus for researchers to continue searching for natural enemies of parasites because, as our results show, they exist. Finding natural enemies to the most dangerous species of human and animal parasites that will pose no threat to the local environment could be groundbreaking.
- Klíčová slova
- Cercarial dermatitis, Dilution effect, Lymnaea stagnalis, Miracidia, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Trichobilharzia szidati,
- MeSH
- cerkárie MeSH
- hlemýždi MeSH
- jezera MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Lymnaea MeSH
- Schistosomatidae * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A survey of the larval stages (cercariae and metacercariae) of trematodes (Digenea) found in planorbid snails in Central Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, south-east Germany, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic) is presented based on a study of 7,628 snails of 12 species examined between 1998-2006. A total of 34 trematode larval stages, comprising cercariae of 28 species and metacercariae of seven species (one species occurred both as cercaria and metacercaria) of nine families were found in 898 (11.5%) snails of eight species. The dominant cercariae were those belonging to the Rubenstrema exasperatum (Rudolphi, 1819)/Neoglyphe locellus (Kossack, 1910) species complex, Tylodelphys excavata (Rudolphi, 1803) and Echinostoma spiniferum (La Valette, 1855) sensu Nasincová (1992), all from Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus). Almost the same spectrum of cercariae of the families Echinostomatidae, Plagiorchiidae and Omphalometridae was found in the present study as in previous reports; however, a considerably lower spectrum of cercariae of the families Diplostomidae and Strigeidae was recorded. The most frequent metacercariae were those of Echinoparyphium aconiatum Dietz, 1909, Neoglyphe locellus and Moliniella anceps (Molin, 1859), all occurring mainly in P. corneus. The most heavily infected snail species was P. corneus, followed by Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus) and Segmentina nitida (Müller). The widest spectrum of trematode species was found in P. planorbis and P. corneus. Forty-two cercariae identified to the species level belonging to 15 families, plus an additional 43 taxa recorded under generic or provisional names, were reported from 11 species of planorbids in previous studies carried out in Central Europe. However, the actual number of trematode species occurring in the planorbid snails is probably much lower, because many, if not most, larval stages reported under provisional names or unidentified to the species level may be conspecific with identified adult forms. A key to the cercariae and metacercariae recorded from planorbids in Central Europe, together with illustrations of those species encountered most frequently in the field, is provided to facilitate identification.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- hlemýždi parazitologie MeSH
- larva anatomie a histologie MeSH
- Trematoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Under laboratory conditions, the freshwater snails Galba truncatula Müll.), Radix peregra (Müll.) and Planorbarius corneus (L.) have been successfully infected with the first stage larvae of the protostrongylid nematode Varestrongylus sagittatus (Mueller, 1890) Dougherty, 1945. The net rate of the infection (mean number of larvae per snail examined - l/s) was 6.2 l/s in R. peregra and 3.5 l/s in P. corneus. G. truncatula was susceptible to the infection too (36.3 l/s). However, this result can be considered as pilot only, because of the low number of the specimens of this species examined. At 25 degrees C 50% of V. sagittatus larvae reached the 3-rd stage of development by 12.5 days post infection (DPI) in R. peregra and by 17.8 DPI in P. corneus. It was confirmed that the snail species of the Basommatophora that were studied can act as intermediate hosts of the nematode V. sagittatus under laboratory conditions.
- Klíčová slova
- EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY *, GLUCURONATES *, GLUCURONIDASE *, SNAILS *,
- MeSH
- glukuronáty * MeSH
- glukuronidasa * MeSH
- Helix (hlemýždi) * MeSH
- hlemýždi * MeSH
- hydrolýza MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- výzkum * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- glukuronáty * MeSH
- glukuronidasa * MeSH
