Vaccination against plague is an important element of control over this exceptionally virulent infection. To be effective against virulent Yersinia pestis strains live plague vaccine produced from Yersinia pestis EV strain (EV vaccine) requires annual revaccinations. Use of EV vaccine for revaccination is limited due to the initially developed immune response that suppresses the live vaccine culture. Earlier studies showed that the use of immunomodulators activates immune response to vaccination. In our study we assessed the influence of human recombinant interleukin-1beta (Betaleukin) on immunogenic and protective efficacy of live plague vaccine in controlled experiments on animal models (rabbits and guinea pigs). In a long experiment (261 days) on rabbits we assessed indicators of antigen specific immune response to F1 antigen of Yersinia pestis. The early antigen specific response was evaluated based on the appearance of different avidity lymphocytes with F1 receptors. Effector phase of the immune response was asses based on the activity of antigen-specific antibodies. Results showed that the use of betaleukin as an immunoadjuvant increases vaccination efficacy by strengthening the effector phase of the immune response and promotion of the early stage of antigen-specific immune response to EV vaccine. Protective efficacy of betaleukin and EV vaccine combination was assessed in an experiment with guinea pigs. This experiment showed that injections of betaleukin facilitates the production of antibodies following vaccination and significantly increases the rates of survival after the challenge with virulent plague strain. At the same time single injections of betaleukin alone did not protect guinea pigs from death after injections of virulent plague strains.

Aikimbaev Kazakh Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Infections Kazakhstan

Scientific Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology Kazakhstan

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