Salmonella infection in humans is a major public health problem worldwide. There is an increasing concern with this pathogen due to the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant and potentially more pathogenic strains. Failure to control Salmonella in a country presents a potential problem for other countries. To minimise the burden of this pathogen, it is helpful to monitor Salmonella serovars distribution in many countries, implement Salmonella control measures throughout the food production chain, and monitor the effectiveness of the control measures. This study investigated the prevalence and the serovars distribution of Salmonella isolated from chicken and beef samples from retail and wholesale markets in Windhoek, Namibia. Chicken (138) and beef (138) samples were analysed for the presence of Salmonella at the Central Veterinary Laboratory in Windhoek. Out of 276 samples of chicken and beef that were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella, 7 % (n = 19) were found to be positive. In beef samples, 14 % (n = 19) were found to be positive for Salmonella. In chicken samples, 0 % (n = 0) tested positive for Salmonella. The prevalence of Salmonella in beef was higher; hence there was a significant difference (p < 0.001) between the two products. Salmonella enterica serovar Fulda was the most prevalent with 58 % (n = 11), followed by Salmonella enterica serovar Javiana with 42 % (n = 8). The prevalence rate of Salmonella was 56 % (n = 19) in the city centre, and maintained a prevalence rate of 0 % in the 10 other localities where samples were taken. This study has helped to bridge the gap in knowledge by establishing the prevalence rate of Salmonella in chicken and beef in retail and wholesale markets in Windhoek, Namibia. It is recommended that the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) system should be made compulsory to all local food processing establishments, including abattoirs and retail markets in the country.
- MeSH
- červené maso MeSH
- infekční nemoci * epidemiologie MeSH
- kontaminace potravin MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Salmonella enterica izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- salmonelóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Namibie MeSH
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, neurodegenerative demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS).Inflammation is increased by hyper caloric Western-style diets, typically high in salt, animal fat, red meat, sugar-sweetened drinks, fried food, low in fibre, and lack of physical exercise. An anti-inflammatory dietary regimen, with or without administration of dietary supplements, thus supporting the general trend towards an amelioration of inflammatory status, should be considered. Understanding the role of gut microbiota in health and disease can lay the foundation to treat chronic diseases by modifying the composition of gut microbiota through the choice of a correct lifestyle, including dietary habits and possibly probiotic supplementation. Evidences from experimental, epidemiologic and clinical studies support the potential linkage between poor vitamin D status and the risk of developing MS, as well as, an adverse disease course. Correcting vitamin D status seems plausible in MS patients.
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with adverse health outcomes, particularly, with cardiovascular/metabolic disorders. Objectives: to evaluate signs of respiratory failure in patients with OSA without evidence of chronic airflow obstruction/restriction and to identify relations between abnormal respiratory pattern and associated cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities in these patients. Methods: 360 males with mild, moderate and sever OSA underwent a clinical study with standard full night polysomnography. Breathlessness at baseline was assessed with Baseline Dyspnea Index, pulmonary function test and arterial blood gas analysis. Fasting and 2-hour glucose levels measured during an oral glucose tolerance test were used to assess glycemic status, as well as body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. ECG and blood pressure monitoring were used to assess cardiovascular system. Results: Presence of various cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities in patients with OSA is correlated with intermittent hypoxemia and hypercapnia and can be predicted by the severity of OSA. Conclusions: The results allow us to suggest that severe abnormal nocturnal pattern of breathing in OSA patients is resulted in respiratory failure even without presence of chronic airflow obstruc-tion/restriction. Presence of various cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities in patients with OSA is correlated with intermittent hypoxemia and hypercapnia and can be predicted by the severity of OSA.
- MeSH
- biochemická analýza krve MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lasery MeSH
- oftalmologie MeSH
- otrava MeSH
- zařízení a zdroje radiace * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
Abnormal functional responses and reductions in functional connectivity associated with functional abnormalities of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is one of the most consistent findings in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the significance of such findings for the pathophysiology of autism is unclear. In this study, we investigated cellular neurochemistry with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (1H-MRS) in both, anterior (ACC) and posterior (PCC) cingulate cortices, brain regions associated, with networks sub serving alerting and executive control of attention in patients with ASD. Compared to typical development (TD) group, the ASD group showed significantly higher N-acetyl-aspartate/choline (NAA/Cho) ratio in PCC and demonstrated the metabolic differences between anterior and posterior cingulated cortices as a contribution to the pathogenesis of autism. Furthermore, provide the first direct evidence of the relationship between abnormal metabolic activity and posterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in ASD.
Goal of research: Study of influence of the medotilin on clinical and functional conditions of eye in patients with non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Materials: Results of treatment of 68 patients (122 eyes) with non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 2 groups were formed: Group 1 (control) - 34 patients (60 eyes) who received standard treatment; and the Group 2 (basic) - 34 patients (62 eyes) who received standard treatment in addition to medotilin. Methods: Visometry, tonometry, computer perimetry, electroretinography (ERG) and color Doppler imaging (CDI). All studies were carried out before and after 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results: After treatment in the main group, in the first 3 months 95% of patients (59 eyes) showed a significant improvement of main functions of the eye. By the 6th month, 84% of patients (52 eyes) reported decline down to the original level, and 16% of cases (10 eyes) were stable and exceeded the data before the treatment. When registering macular ERG 1 month after treatment, the study group showed a significant improvement of figures, which remained consistently high also by the 3rd month of observation. By the 6th month of observation, figures declined slightly and came close to the original level. According to CDI, all patients of the main group recorded after treatment an increase in flows in vessels of the eye. Maximum peak increase of hemodynamic parameters were recorded by the 3rd month of observation. By the 6th month, the majority of patients in this group revealed regress of hemodynamic parameters, but at these, exceeded themselves in their capacity as such before treatment. Conclusion: Medotilin is effective in treatment of non-exudative AMD and improves visual functions, confirmed by electroretinography and hemodynamics.
Various work-related risk factors cause neck and upper extremity pains and disorders. The pain severity and the frequency of MSDs among workers are more dependent on the nature of work and physical workload than on the length of service. Office workers (N=192) and garment workers (N=48) were investigated. More muscular pains occurred in the latter group and, also, working ability was lower among the sewing machine operators. The condition of muscles was determined by using myotonometry. In the garment workers’ group, it could be seen that the stiffness of m. adductor pollicis had increased in both hands. To prevent MSDs, it is necessary to pay attention to the work environment, muscular pain occurrences, pain severity, and muscle tone and stiffness. The myotonometric method could find more use in the occupational healthcare system.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- muskuloskeletální nemoci * MeSH
- nemoci z povolání MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- zaměstnání MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
One of the significant problems for public health services of the countries which have achieved the interruption in the local transmission of infection on all the territory, is the maintenance of the successes achieved and creation of system of measures capable effectively to prevent recurrence of malaria, despite of its import from endemic territories. For this purpose there is required further strengthening of material base of the parasitological service, continuous training of personnel of medical and preventive service, continuation of scientific researches on various aspects of malaria and also increase of knowledge among the local population about the early referral for medical care and application of measures of protection from stings of insects. It will allow immediately to reveal delivery of malaria and presence of local transmission of infection, to undertake in time necessary measures and to carry out monitoring of the condition of the focuses of infection in real time.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malárie * MeSH
- vymýcení nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Uzbekistán MeSH
The pathophysiology of venous thrombosis is classically attributed to alterations in one or more components of Virchow's triad: hypercoagulability, stasis, and damage to the vascular endothelium. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) may lead to pulmonary thromboembolism (PE), and the latter is culpable for many deaths annually in the United States. However, DVT as a complication of uterine leiomyoma has rarely been reported. We report a case of a fair, fatty, female in her fifties whose death was due to a large leiomyomata externally compressing the pelvic veins resulting in stasis and venous thrombosis leading to fatal PE. The association of large pelvic masses with venous thrombosis has clinical implications, since prophylactic surgery could be life-saving. Other findings in this patient were cholelithiasis and cardiomegaly with left ventricular hypertrophy. Leiomyoma is the commonest gyneacology tumour which usually regress with age and rarely with thromboembolic phenomenon. However, the presence of this condition in a patient with high risk index for thrombus formation should necessitate the removal of the tumour in order to prevent sudden death from pulmonary thromboembolism.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hypertenze MeSH
- leiomyom MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- smrt MeSH
- tromboembolie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
The article reviews the results of evaluation the effectiveness of tele-lectures in Kazakhstan. Experts of JSC “Kazakh Research Institute of Eye Diseases” gave lectures on various directions of ophthalmology, which were examined by special questionnaire with special criterion, assessing the quality of materials. Results of the study prove the high efficiency of the tele-lectures on the territory of Kazakhstan.
- MeSH
- lékaři MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oftalmologie * MeSH
- telekomunikace MeSH
- vzdělávání odborné MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Kazachstán MeSH
