Trvalá antikoagulační terapie u pacientů v chronickém hemodialyzačním programu přináší řadu klinických a farmakologických výzev. Fibrilace síní, často komplikovaná nerovnováhou mezi pro- a antikoagulačními mechanismy, vyžaduje individuální přístup s ohledem na vysoké riziko krvácivých komplikací a trombembolismu. V posledních letech přibývá důkazů o použití přímých perorálních antikoagulancií (DOAC) u této populace na úkor warfarinu, jehož podávání nebylo prokázáno jako efektivní, a je navíc spojeno se zvýšeným rizikem krvácení a negativním vlivem na kalcium-fosfátový metabolismus. Tato práce se zaměřuje na zhodnocení současných možností antikoagulace s důrazem na nefrologické a koagulační aspekty, včetně přehodnocení zastaralých režimů a potenciální aplikace moderních přístupů.
Long-term anticoagulation therapy in patients on chronic hemodialysis presents a few clinical and pharmacological challenges. Atrial fibrillation, often complicated by an imbalance between pro- and anticoagulant factors, requires an individualized approach considering the high risk of bleeding complications and thromboembolism. In recent years, we have an increasing evidence for the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) in this population at the expense of warfarin The administration of warfarin has not been proven to be effective and is also associated with an increased risk of bleeding and a negative effect on calcium-phosphate metabolism. This work focuses on the evaluation of current anticoagulation options with an emphasis on nephrological and coagulation aspects, including a re-evaluation of outdated regimens and the potential application of modern approaches
- Keywords
- apixaban,
- MeSH
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic * complications therapy MeSH
- Renal Dialysis MeSH
- Atrial Fibrillation * drug therapy MeSH
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pyrazoles therapeutic use MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Thromboembolism drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Warfarin therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Keywords
- studie COMPASS,
- MeSH
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors MeSH
- Factor Xa Inhibitors MeSH
- Myocardial Ischemia drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
- Rivaroxaban * administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Thromboembolism * drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Thrombosis * drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients, who often have multiple risk factors. Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis is widely applied to lower this risk, but guidelines lack dosing recommendations. OBJECTIVE: This survey aims to assess current thromboprophylaxis preferences and willingness to participate in future randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on this topic. METHOD: We conducted an international online survey between February and May 2023 among intensive care unit (ICU) physicians, including 16 questions about preferences in relation to thromboprophylaxis and preferences on topics for a future RCT. The survey was distributed through the network of the Collaboration for Research in Intensive Care. RESULTS: A total of 715 physicians from 170 ICUs in 23 countries contributed information, with a mean response rate of 36%. In most ICUs, both pharmacological (n = 166, 98%) and mechanical thromboprophylaxis (n = 143, 84%) were applied. A total of 36 pharmacological thromboprophylaxis regimens were reported. Use of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was most common (n = 149 ICUs, 87%), followed by subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (n = 44 ICUs, 26%). Seventy-five percent of physicians indicated that they used enoxaparin 40 mg (4000 IU), dalteparin 5000 IU, or tinzaparin 4500 IU once daily, whereas 25% reported the use of 16 other LMWH type and dose combinations. Dose adjustment according to weight was common (78 ICUs, 46%). Participants perceived high variation in the application of thromboprophylaxis and were willing to consider an alternative LMWH type (n = 542, 76%) or dose (n = 538, 75%) in the context of an RCT. CONCLUSION: LMWH was the preferred agent for thromboprophylaxis in critically ill patients. There was considerable variation in the application of LMWH for prophylaxis, reflected by the use of different types, doses, and dosing strategies. Most physicians would be willing to participate in an RCT on thromboprophylaxis. EDITORIAL COMMENT: This survey demonstrates current patterns in implementation preferences for critically ill patients. While there is one approach and drug that is commonly preferred, these findings show that there is some variation in practice.
- MeSH
- Anticoagulants * therapeutic use administration & dosage MeSH
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight * therapeutic use administration & dosage MeSH
- Internationality MeSH
- Intensive Care Units * MeSH
- Critical Illness MeSH
- Physicians MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Critical Care methods MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Venous Thromboembolism * prevention & control MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
BACKGROUND: Randomized clinical trials demonstrated similar efficacy and improved safety of direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Long-term data in routine clinical practice are needed. HYPOTHESIS: Patients with AF receiving edoxaban at baseline continue to have low annualized effectiveness and safety event rates in the second year of follow-up, with regional variations observed. METHODS: The Global ETNA-AF program is a prospective, noninterventional study of patients with AF receiving edoxaban. Patient characteristics and annualized clinical event rates were assessed overall and by region across the 2-year follow-up. Annualized event rates of bleeding and thromboembolic events were assessed within the first year and conditionally in patients who were event-free up to 12 months in the second year. RESULTS: This analysis comprised 26 805 patients from Europe (n = 13 164), Japan (n = 10 342), and non-Japanese Asian regions (n = 3299). Patients from Europe had the highest burden of comorbidities. The annualized event rates for major bleeding, any stroke, all-cause death, and cardiovascular death varied by region. The global annualized event rates in the first and second year were 1.31%/year and 0.86%/year for major bleeding, 1.06%/year and 0.65%/year for any stroke, 0.84%/year and 0.73%/year for cardiovascular death, and 3.05%/year and 3.18%/year for all-cause death. CONCLUSION: Annualized event rates for any stroke and major bleeding remained low through 2-year follow-up for patients with AF receiving edoxaban at baseline. Differences in annualized event rates for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality between Europe, Japan, and non-Japanese Asian regions may reflect variations in baseline characteristics. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Europe, NCT02944019; Japan, UMIN000017011; Korea/Taiwan, NCT02951039; Hong Kong, NCT03247582; and Thailand, NCT03247569.
- MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Stroke prevention & control epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Atrial Fibrillation * drug therapy complications MeSH
- Incidence MeSH
- Factor Xa Inhibitors * therapeutic use adverse effects MeSH
- Hemorrhage * chemically induced epidemiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Follow-Up Studies MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Pyridines * therapeutic use adverse effects MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Thiazoles * therapeutic use adverse effects MeSH
- Thromboembolism prevention & control epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
- MeSH
- Endovascular Procedures methods MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial * surgery MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
IntroductionStudy aimed to determine the occurrence of 5 thrombosis-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) (n = 2630) and a control group (n = 2637) in the Czech population.MethodsThe following gene SNPs were detected in both groups: F5 Leiden (rs6025), F2 (rs1799963), FGG, fibrinogen gamma' (rs2066865), F11 (rs2289252) and ABO (rs8176719). Statistical analysis was performed using SAS statistical software with population genetics tools.ResultsHeterozygotes for F5 Leiden were associated with a 5.58-fold and homozygotes F5 Leiden with a 33.46-fold increased risk of VTE. At SNP rs1799963 (F2, prothrombin), only heterozygotes had a significant 3.9-fold increased risk of VTE. The findings at SNP rs2066865 (fibrinogen gamma', FGG) showed a 1.37-fold increased risk of VTE for FGG heterozygotes and a 1.77-fold increased risk of VTE for FGG homozygotes. There is also a significant 1.42-fold increase risk of VTE in the heterozygotes and a 1.80-fold increase risk of VTE in the homozygotes of the SNP rs 2289252 (F11). Further higher increases in the risk of VTE in both variants were found in patients with VTE at rs8176719 (ABO, non-O). It corresponds to a 2.2-fold increase in the risk of VTE in heterozygotes and a 3.5-fold increase in the risk of VTE in homozygotes.ConclusionBesides F5 Leiden and prothrombin mutation, the study suggests that the gene polymorphisms of FGG (rs2066865), F11 (rs2289252) and ABO (rs8176719) play a role as an independent heritable risk factor for VTE in the Czech population.
- MeSH
- ABO Blood-Group System genetics MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Factor V * genetics MeSH
- Fibrinogen * genetics MeSH
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide * MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Prothrombin genetics MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Venous Thromboembolism * genetics epidemiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
INTRODUCTION: We investigated the burden of microembolic signals (MES) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) and atrial fibrillation (AF), assessing their impact on functional outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This multicentre international prospective cohort study involved patients with AIS and either a known or newly diagnosed anticoagulant-naïve AF. All centres utilised the same transcranial Doppler machine for 1-h monitoring with bilateral 2 MHz probes within 24 h of symptom onset. Recordings underwent MES analysis by a blinded central reader. The primary objectives were to ascertain the MES proportion and its association with functional outcomes assessed by the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 90 days. RESULTS: Between September 2019 and May 2021, we enrolled 61 patients, with a median age of 78 years (interquartile range 73-83) and a median stroke severity score of 11 (interquartile range 4-18). MES were observed in 14 patients (23%), predominantly unilateral (12/14, 86%), with a median rate of 6 counts/hour (interquartile range 4-18). MES occurrence was higher post-thrombectomy and among those with elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels (p < 0.05). A worse mRS score of 3-6 was more frequent in patients with MES, occurring in 11/14 (79%), compared to those without MES, 20/47 (43%), with an adjusted odds ratio of 5.04 (95% CI, 1.15-39.4), p = 0.04. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly a quarter of patients with AIS and AF exhibited silent microembolization after the index event. Detecting MES within 24 h post-stroke (using transcranial Doppler) could signify a marker of poor functional outcomes. Subsequent trials will assess if very early antithrombotic treatment might enhance outcomes in this highly selective group of cardioembolic stroke patients. (Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT06018090).
- MeSH
- Atrial Fibrillation * complications MeSH
- Intracranial Embolism diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Ischemic Stroke * diagnostic imaging therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Thrombectomy MeSH
- Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial * methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- MeSH
- Dabigatran administration & dosage MeSH
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight administration & dosage MeSH
- Intracranial Hemorrhages * etiology MeSH
- Intracranial Thrombosis * diagnostic imaging drug therapy pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed MeSH
- Cranial Sinuses diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Letter MeSH
- Case Reports MeSH
Venózní tromboembolismus představuje stále závažný nejen medicínský, ale i sociálně ekonomický problém. Mnoho let dobře víme o riziku operačních výkonů a žilní trombózy, ale riziku v interních oborech se dlouho nevěnovala dostatečná pozornost. To se změnilo v posledních 25 letech s postupným vývojem i skórovacích systémů, které nám pomáhají iden tifikovat jedince, kteří potřebují farmakologickou prevenci. Jedním z nejvyužívanějších je Padovský skórovací systém. Nicméně vzhledem k množství rizikových faktorů a individuální variabilitě nemocných není jednoduché vždy postupovat jak medicínsky, tak ekonomicky správně.
Venous thromboembolism is still serious not only medical, but also social economic problem. For many decades we know about the risk of surgery for venous thromboembolism, but in hospitalized medical patients the awareness was underestimated. In the last 25 years the situation has been changed with the advance of scoring models, which can help us the identify individuals who need pharmacologic prophylaxis. The Padua prediction score is one of the most used. However, due to the amounts of risk factors, individual variability, it is not always easy to find correct recommendation not only from medical, but also economic point of view.
- MeSH
- Fibrinolytic Agents administration & dosage MeSH
- Risk Assessment methods MeSH
- Contraindications, Drug MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nadroparin administration & dosage MeSH
- Heart Disease Risk Factors * MeSH
- Health Status Indicators MeSH
- Venous Thromboembolism * drug therapy complications prevention & control MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
