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Conserved sex chromosomes and karyotype evolution in monitor lizards (Varanidae)
A. Iannucci, M. Altmanová, C. Ciofi, M. Ferguson-Smith, M. Milan, JC. Pereira, J. Pether, I. Rehák, M. Rovatsos, R. Stanyon, P. Velenský, P. Ráb, L. Kratochvíl, M. Johnson Pokorná,
Language English Country Great Britain
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Grant support
17-22141Y
Grantová Agentura České Republiky (Grant Agency of the Czech Republic) - International
NLK
Free Medical Journals
from 2011
PubMed Central
from 2011 to 1 year ago
Europe PubMed Central
from 2011 to 1 year ago
ProQuest Central
from 2000-01-01 to 1 year ago
Open Access Digital Library
from 1947-01-01
Health & Medicine (ProQuest)
from 2000-01-01 to 1 year ago
Public Health Database (ProQuest)
from 2000-01-01 to 1 year ago
- MeSH
- Heterochromatin genetics MeSH
- Lizards genetics MeSH
- Karyotype MeSH
- Karyotyping methods MeSH
- Evolution, Molecular MeSH
- Sex Chromosomes genetics MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Despite their long history with the basal split dating back to the Eocene, all species of monitor lizards (family Varanidae) studied so far share the same chromosome number of 2n = 40. However, there are differences in the morphology of the macrochromosome pairs 5-8. Further, sex determination, which revealed ZZ/ZW sex microchromosomes, was studied only in a few varanid species and only with techniques that did not test their homology. The aim of this study was to (i) test if cryptic interchromosomal rearrangements of larger chromosomal blocks occurred during the karyotype evolution of this group, (ii) contribute to the reconstruction of the varanid ancestral karyotype, and (iii) test homology of sex chromosomes among varanids. We investigated these issues by hybridizing flow sorted chromosome paints from Varanus komodoensis to metaphases of nine species of monitor lizards. The results show that differences in the morphology of the chromosome pairs 5-8 can be attributed to intrachromosomal rearrangements, which led to transitions between acrocentric and metacentric chromosomes in both directions. We also documented the first case of spontaneous triploidy among varanids in Varanus albigularis. The triploid individual was fully grown, which demonstrates that polyploidization is compatible with life in this lineage. We found that the W chromosome differs between species in size and heterochromatin content. The varanid Z chromosome is clearly conserved in all the analyzed species. Varanids, in addition to iguanas, caenophidian snakes, and lacertid lizards, are another squamate group with highly conserved sex chromosomes over a long evolutionary time.
Department of Biology University of Florence Via Madonna del Piano 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
Department of Ecology Charles University Viničná 7 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
Prague Zoological Garden U Trojského zámku 120 3 171 00 Prague Czech Republic
References provided by Crossref.org
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- $a Iannucci, Alessio $u Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
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- $a Conserved sex chromosomes and karyotype evolution in monitor lizards (Varanidae) / $c A. Iannucci, M. Altmanová, C. Ciofi, M. Ferguson-Smith, M. Milan, JC. Pereira, J. Pether, I. Rehák, M. Rovatsos, R. Stanyon, P. Velenský, P. Ráb, L. Kratochvíl, M. Johnson Pokorná,
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- $a Despite their long history with the basal split dating back to the Eocene, all species of monitor lizards (family Varanidae) studied so far share the same chromosome number of 2n = 40. However, there are differences in the morphology of the macrochromosome pairs 5-8. Further, sex determination, which revealed ZZ/ZW sex microchromosomes, was studied only in a few varanid species and only with techniques that did not test their homology. The aim of this study was to (i) test if cryptic interchromosomal rearrangements of larger chromosomal blocks occurred during the karyotype evolution of this group, (ii) contribute to the reconstruction of the varanid ancestral karyotype, and (iii) test homology of sex chromosomes among varanids. We investigated these issues by hybridizing flow sorted chromosome paints from Varanus komodoensis to metaphases of nine species of monitor lizards. The results show that differences in the morphology of the chromosome pairs 5-8 can be attributed to intrachromosomal rearrangements, which led to transitions between acrocentric and metacentric chromosomes in both directions. We also documented the first case of spontaneous triploidy among varanids in Varanus albigularis. The triploid individual was fully grown, which demonstrates that polyploidization is compatible with life in this lineage. We found that the W chromosome differs between species in size and heterochromatin content. The varanid Z chromosome is clearly conserved in all the analyzed species. Varanids, in addition to iguanas, caenophidian snakes, and lacertid lizards, are another squamate group with highly conserved sex chromosomes over a long evolutionary time.
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- $a Johnson Pokorná, Martina $u Department of Ecology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic. Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic.
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