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More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis
V. Parma, K. Ohla, MG. Veldhuizen, MY. Niv, CE. Kelly, AJ. Bakke, KW. Cooper, C. Bouysset, N. Pirastu, M. Dibattista, R. Kaur, MT. Liuzza, MY. Pepino, V. Schöpf, V. Pereda-Loth, SB. Olsson, RC. Gerkin, P. Rohlfs Domínguez, J. Albayay, MC....
Language English Country Great Britain
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
NLK
Free Medical Journals
from 1996 to 1 year ago
Open Access Digital Library
from 1996-01-01
Medline Complete (EBSCOhost)
from 1996-01-01 to 1 year ago
- MeSH
- Betacoronavirus isolation & purification MeSH
- Taste MeSH
- Smell MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Coronavirus Infections complications diagnosis virology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Pandemics MeSH
- Taste Disorders etiology virology MeSH
- Olfaction Disorders etiology virology MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Somatosensory Disorders etiology virology MeSH
- Pneumonia, Viral complications diagnosis virology MeSH
- Self Report MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
2nd Academic Otorhinolaryngology Department Aristotle University Thessaloniki Greece
Biocomputation Group Department of Computer Science University of Hertfordshire Hatfield UK
CSIR Central Scientific Instruments Organisation Chandigarh India
Department of Anatomy College of Medicine Howard University N W Washington DC USA
Department of Anatomy Université du Québec à Trois Rivières boul des Forges Trois Rivières QC Canada
Department of Applied Biological Chemistry The University of Tokyo Yayoi Bunkyo ku Tokyo Japan
Department of Biology Universidad de Chile Las Palmeras Santiago Chile
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Whiteknights Reading UK
Department of Food Science and Technology Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Holdsworth Way Amherst MA USA
Department of General Psychology University of Padova Via Venezia Padova Italy
Department of Molecular Medicine University of Padova via Marzolo Padova Italy
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA
Department of Otorhinolaringology Buenos Aires University and GEOG Argentina
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Medical Science University Emek Sancaktepe İstanbul Turkey
Department of Otorhinolaryngology TU Dresden Helmholtzstr Dresden Germany
Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Hospital Basel Petersgraben Basel Switzerland
Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
Department of Psychology Stockholm University Frescativägen Stockholm Sweden
Department of Psychology Temple University Philadelphia PA USA
Department of Psychology Utrecht University Heidelberglaan 1 CS Utrecht The Netherlands
Department of Zoology Charles University Viničná Nové Město Czechia
DreamAir LLC Department of Scent Engineering Broadway New York NY USA
Ear Institute University College London London UK
Food Science Department University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
Health Care and Life Sciences IBM T J Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY USA
Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR CNRS 7272 Université Côte d'Azur Avenue Valrose Nice France
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine Research Center Jülich Wilhelm Johnen Straße Jülich Germany
Institute of Psychology University of Graz Universitätsplatz 2 Graz Austria
Internal Medicine Department Hadassah Medical Center Kiryat Hadassah Jerusalem Israel
IRTA Food Technology Programme IRTA Finca Camps i Armet Monells Girona Spain
Italian Academy of Rhinology Asst Settelaghi University of Insubriae via Guicciardini Varese Italy
Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia PA USA
Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia PA USA Sidra Medicine Out Patient Clinic Doha Qatar
Neuroscience Area International School for Advanced Studies SISSA Via Bonomea Trieste Italy
Otorhinolaryngology Department Biruni University Protokol Yolu Topkapı Zeytinburnu Istanbul Turkey
School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
Surgery Department ENT Division Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Al Khoud Muscat Oman
The Norfolk Smell and Taste Clinic University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich UK
University of Gastronomic Sciences Piazza Vittorio Emanuele 2 9 Bra Pollenzo CN Italy
References provided by Crossref.org
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