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Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor (AT/RT) With Molecular Features of Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

C. Thomas, A. Federico, M. Sill, S. Bens, F. Oyen, K. Nemes, PD. Johann, C. Hartmann, W. Hartmann, D. Sumerauer, V. Paterno, A. Samii, U. Kordes, R. Siebert, MC. Frühwald, W. Paulus, M. Kool, M. Hasselblatt

. 2021 ; 45 (9) : 1228-1234. [pub] 20210901

Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké

Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem

Perzistentní odkaz   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc21024982

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a highly malignant central nervous system tumor predominantly occurring in infants that may also arise in older children and adults. Rare secondary AT/RT developing from other tumors such as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) are on record, but AT/RT presenting with molecular features of PXA have not been described. Here, we report 3 malignant central nervous system tumors in children (10, 13, and 18 y old). All tumors were located in the temporal lobe. In 2 cases, there was no history of a low-grade precursor lesion; in 1 case anaplastic PXA had been diagnosed 3 months earlier. Histopathologically, all tumors were composed of RT cells and showed frank signs of malignancy as well as loss of nuclear SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression. Two cases displayed homozygous deletions of the SMARCB1 region while the third case showed an exon 7 mutation (c.849_850delGT; p.Met283Ilefs*77). Of note, DNA methylation profiles did not group with AT/RT or other tumor entities using the Heidelberg Brain Tumor Classifier (version v11b4). By unsupervised t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis, however, all tumors clearly grouped with PXA. Genome-wide copy number analysis revealed homozygous CDNK2A/B deletions and gains of whole chromosome 7. BRAF V600E mutations could be demonstrated in all cases. In conclusion, the possibility of AT/RT with molecular features of PXA needs to be taken into account and warrants molecular characterization of AT/RT especially in older children. Since treatments targeting mutated BRAF are available, identification of such cases may also have therapeutic consequences.

Citace poskytuje Crossref.org

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$a Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a highly malignant central nervous system tumor predominantly occurring in infants that may also arise in older children and adults. Rare secondary AT/RT developing from other tumors such as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) are on record, but AT/RT presenting with molecular features of PXA have not been described. Here, we report 3 malignant central nervous system tumors in children (10, 13, and 18 y old). All tumors were located in the temporal lobe. In 2 cases, there was no history of a low-grade precursor lesion; in 1 case anaplastic PXA had been diagnosed 3 months earlier. Histopathologically, all tumors were composed of RT cells and showed frank signs of malignancy as well as loss of nuclear SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression. Two cases displayed homozygous deletions of the SMARCB1 region while the third case showed an exon 7 mutation (c.849_850delGT; p.Met283Ilefs*77). Of note, DNA methylation profiles did not group with AT/RT or other tumor entities using the Heidelberg Brain Tumor Classifier (version v11b4). By unsupervised t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis, however, all tumors clearly grouped with PXA. Genome-wide copy number analysis revealed homozygous CDNK2A/B deletions and gains of whole chromosome 7. BRAF V600E mutations could be demonstrated in all cases. In conclusion, the possibility of AT/RT with molecular features of PXA needs to be taken into account and warrants molecular characterization of AT/RT especially in older children. Since treatments targeting mutated BRAF are available, identification of such cases may also have therapeutic consequences.
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