Neonatal ophthalmic screening should lead to early diagnosis of ocular abnormalities to reduce long-term visual impairment in selected diseases. If a treatable pathology is diagnosed within a few days after the birth, adequate therapy may be indicated to facilitate the best possible conditions for further development of visual functions. Traditional neonatal ophthalmic screening uses the red reflex test (RRT). It tests the transmittance of the light through optical media towards the retina and the general disposition of the central part of the retina. However, RRT has weaknesses, especially in posterior segment affections. Wide-field digital imaging techniques have shown promising results in detecting anterior and posterior segment pathologies. Particular attention should be paid to telemedicine and artificial intelligence. These methods can improve the specificity and sensitivity of neonatal eye screening. Both are already highly advanced in diagnosing and monitoring of retinopathy of prematurity.

Department of Ophthalmology 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady Šrobárova 50 10034 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Ophthalmology for Children and Adults 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital 5 Úvalu 84 15006 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University and University Hospital Černopolní 9 62500 Brno Czech Republic

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