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Egg vs. Oil in the Cookbook of Plasters: Differentiation of Lipid Binders in Wall Paintings Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Principal Component Analysis

J. Nádvorníková, V. Pitthard, O. Kurka, L. Kučera, P. Barták

. 2024 ; 29 (7) : . [pub] 20240328

Language English Country Switzerland

Document type Journal Article

Grant support
23-07284K Czech Science Foundation
IGA_PrF_2023_027 Palacký University, Olomouc
IGA_PrF_2024_026 Palacký University, Olomouc
CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_048/0007378 Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic

Wall paintings are integral to cultural heritage and offer rich insights into historical and religious beliefs. There exist various wall painting techniques that pose challenges in binder and pigment identification, especially in the case of egg/oil-based binders. GC-MS identification of lipidic binders relies routinely on parameters like the ratios of fatty acids within the plaster. However, the reliability of these ratios for binder identification is severely limited, as demonstrated in this manuscript. Therefore, a more reliable tool for effective differentiation between egg and oil binders based on a combination of diagnostic values, specific markers (cholesterol oxidation products), and PCA is presented in this study. Reference samples of wall paintings with egg and linseed oil binders with six different pigments were subjected to modern artificial ageing methods and subsequently analysed using two GC-MS instruments. A statistically significant difference (at a 95% confidence level) between the egg and oil binders and between the results from two GC-MS instruments was observed. These discrepancies between the results from the two GC-MS instruments are likely attributed to the heterogeneity of the samples with egg and oil binders. This study highlights the complexities in identifying wall painting binders and the need for innovative and revised analytical methods in conservation efforts.

References provided by Crossref.org

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