A brief review is given of the development of equipment used for rearing germfree animals in various laboratories and of our experience with designing germfree isolators and with the technology of rearing germfree piglets is presented. The philosophy of isolation as applied to the animal as a biological unit, the elimination of contamination and the theoretical prerequisites of isolation were considered by Reyniers (1943, 1959) and Trexler (1960).

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Gnotobiotic mouse model's contribution to understanding host-pathogen interactions

Development of lymphatic and haemopoietic organs in germfree models