Phosphorylation of ribosomal acidic proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important mechanism regulating a number of active ribosomes. The key role in the regulatory mechanism is played by specific phosphoprotein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases. Three different cAMP-independent protein kinases phosphorylating acidic ribosomal proteins have been identified and characterized. The protein kinase 60S (PK60S), RAP kinase, and casein kinase type 2 (CK2). All three protein kinases phosphorylate serine residues which are localized in the C-terminal end of phosphoproteins. Synthetic peptides were used to determinate the amino acid sequence of phosphoacceptor site for PK60S. Peptide AAEESDDD derived from phosphoproteins YP1 beta/beta' and YP2 alpha turned out to be the best substrate for PK60S. A number of halogenated benzimidazoles and 2-azabenzimidazoles were tested as inhibitors of the three protein kinases. 4,5,6,7-Tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole inhibits phosphorylation only of these polypeptides phosphorylated by protein kinase 60S, namely YP1 beta/beta' and YP2 alpha, but not the other, YP1 alpha and YP2 beta phosphorylated by protein kinases RAP and CK2. RAP kinase has been found in an active form in the soluble fraction of S. cerevisiae. The enzyme uses ATP as a phosphate donor and is less sensitive to heparin than casein kinase 2. RAP kinase monophosphorylates the four acidic proteins. The ribosome-bound proteins are a better substrate for the enzyme. Multifunctional CK2 kinase phosphorylate all four acidic proteins. The kinase phosphorylates preferentially serine or threonine residues surrounded by cluster of acidic residues. The enzyme activity is stimulated in vitro by the presence of polylysine and inhibited by heparin.

Department of Molecular Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Catholic University of Lublin Poland

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Parasitol Today. 1993 Oct;9(10):381-4 PubMed

Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Nov 15;1080(3):221-6 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1978 Feb 10;253(3):946-55 PubMed

Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Feb 22;968(2):211-9 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1976 Mar 25;251(6):1799-807 PubMed

Acta Biochim Pol. 1995;42(4):405-18 PubMed

Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Oct;7(10):3409-17 PubMed

Acta Biochim Pol. 1995;42(3):357-62 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1992 Jun 15;267(17):12061-7 PubMed

Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 Sep 24;1054(3):267-84 PubMed

Trends Biochem Sci. 1994 Nov;19(11):439 PubMed

Biochemistry. 1997 Nov 25;36(47):14439-46 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1981 Jul 25;256(14):7468-77 PubMed

FEBS Lett. 1996 Jan 29;379(2):153-6 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1988 Apr 25;263(12):5499-501 PubMed

Eur J Biochem. 1990 Jan 12;187(1):89-94 PubMed

Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res. 1991;23:123-64 PubMed

J Biochem. 1985 Dec;98(6):1427-31 PubMed

J Mol Evol. 1989 Nov;29(5):448-62 PubMed

FEBS Lett. 1982 May 17;141(2):257-62 PubMed

FEBS Lett. 1987 May 11;215(2):241-6 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1988 Jul 5;263(19):9094-101 PubMed

FEBS Lett. 1983 Aug 22;160(1-2):203-8 PubMed

Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1998;59:95-133 PubMed

Eur J Biochem. 1992 May 15;206(1):259-67 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1986 Feb 5;261(4):1868-72 PubMed

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Jan 15;92(1):46-52 PubMed

Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Oct 7;971(3):332-8 PubMed

Curr Top Cell Regul. 1982;21:101-27 PubMed

Eur J Biochem. 1988 Aug 1;175(2):347-54 PubMed

Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Jun 15;929(1):114-6 PubMed

Biochimie. 1991 Jul-Aug;73(7-8):861-70 PubMed

FASEB J. 1995 Mar;9(5):313-23 PubMed

Mol Biol Rep. 1976 Nov;3(2):121-9 PubMed

Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Nov;7(11):4065-74 PubMed

EMBO J. 1989 Apr;8(4):1111-9 PubMed

Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Apr 16;1293(2):213-21 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1987 Jan 25;262(3):1344-51 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1984 Jun 10;259(11):7011-5 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1982 Jun 25;257(12):6642-5 PubMed

FEBS Lett. 1981 Jun 1;128(1):33-6 PubMed

Adv Enzyme Regul. 1986;25:401-21 PubMed

Biochemistry. 1984 Jan 17;23(2):390-6 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1986 Mar 5;261(7):3414-9 PubMed

Cell Mol Biol Res. 1994;40(5-6):411-9 PubMed

Acta Biochim Pol. 1993;40(4):497-505 PubMed

Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Apr 25;16(8):3575 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1979 Feb 10;254(3):762-8 PubMed

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1981 May 15;100(1):449-54 PubMed

Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:567-613 PubMed

Eur J Biochem. 1982 Oct;127(3):473-81 PubMed

Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Oct 3;1158(2):194-6 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1984 Dec 10;259(23):14576-9 PubMed

J Mol Biol. 1978 Dec 5;126(2):123-40 PubMed

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Mar 8;208(1):418-24 PubMed

Mol Cell Biol. 1990 May;10(5):2182-90 PubMed

Eur J Biochem. 1978 Mar 15;84(2):493-8 PubMed

Biochem Cell Biol. 1995 Nov-Dec;73(11-12):959-68 PubMed

Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980 Dec 15;633(3):376-85 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1982 Sep 10;257(17):10440-5 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1982 May 25;257(10):5359-66 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1985 Apr 25;260(8):4745-50 PubMed

Eur J Biochem. 1981 Mar;114(3):609-13 PubMed

Eur J Biochem. 1979 Aug 1;98(2):409-16 PubMed

Acta Biochim Pol. 1996;43(2):389-96 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 15;264(5):2431-7 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 1;269(26):17593-9 PubMed

Eur J Biochem. 1984 Dec 17;145(3):593-9 PubMed

Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994 Mar;309(2):348-55 PubMed

Trends Biochem Sci. 1997 Jan;22(1):18-22 PubMed

Biochemistry. 1987 Dec 1;26(24):7876-83 PubMed

J Bacteriol. 1990 Feb;172(2):579-88 PubMed

Eur J Biochem. 1986 Oct 15;160(2):239-44 PubMed

Acta Biochim Pol. 1997;44(2):191-200 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1987 Mar 15;262(8):3518-23 PubMed

Pharmacol Ther. 1993;59(1):1-30 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1988 Aug 15;263(23):11063-6 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1987 Jul 5;262(19):9136-40 PubMed

Eur J Biochem. 1982 May;124(1):21-35 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1984 Mar 10;259(5):2850-5 PubMed

Eur J Biochem. 1997 Sep 1;248(2):290-5 PubMed

Annu Rev Biochem. 1991;60:717-55 PubMed

J Biol Chem. 1980 Sep 10;255(17):8038-41 PubMed

Arch Biochem Biophys. 1982 Aug;217(1):305-11 PubMed

Eur J Biochem. 1986 Aug 15;159(1):31-8 PubMed

Int Rev Cytol. 1991;124:103-36 PubMed

Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 Aug 27;1050(1-3):51-5 PubMed

Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Sep;15(9):4754-62 PubMed

Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1983 Jun;30(3):247-66 PubMed

FEBS Lett. 1980 Nov 17;121(1):139-42 PubMed

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jun;73(6):1902-6 PubMed

Arch Biochem Biophys. 1984 Sep;233(2):540-6 PubMed

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 23;94(26):14500-5 PubMed

Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 Apr 22;870(3):408-16 PubMed